Ryby, które potrafią zmieniać płeć

Evidence: 40 • authority: 88

Ambroksol zmniejsza częstość kaszlu (w ciągu dnia i w nocy), a tym samym zwiększa zdolność koncentracji i jakość życia. Przeprowadzono ankietę wśród klientów aptek, którzy stosowali jedną z czterech różnych postaci ambroksolu z powodu kaszlu ostrego. Wyniki odzwierciedliły korzyści terapeutyczne ze stosowania ambroksolu w samoleczeniu ostrego kaszlu. W przypadku różnych postaci wykazano porównywalną skuteczność.

Evidence: — • authority: 92

The Geographical Variation of Colour Change in the Arabian Killifish (<i>Aphaniops dispar</i> Sensu Lato) From Freshwater and Marine Ecosystems.. Widely distributed animals may exhibit substantial plastic physiological, morphological and behavioural responses to environmental changes. One such extraordinary form of plasticity is colour change, which varies substantially among most taxonomic groups. Most studies on colour change have focused on a single population, which has left a gap in our knowledge of colour change variation between populations. Examining colour change variation across populations of a taxon can shed light on how it evolves. Colour plasticity is influenced by…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

How Ocean Acidification Makes Marine Fish Reproduction Vulnerable: Physiological Mechanisms and Ecosystem Consequences.. Ocean acidification, driven by the absorption of anthropogenic carbon dioxide into seawater, poses a significant threat to marine environments and biodiversity. This comprehensive review examines the specific impacts of acidification on the reproductive physiology of fish, integrating recent advances in our understanding of gonadal development, gametogenesis, and early embryonic development. We synthesize current findings on how altered carbonate chemistry disturbs the reproductive system from gametogenesis and fertilization to larval development and beyond. Our analysis…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

The Effects of Suspended Sediments, Dye, and Their Variation on Fish Behavior.. As human activities intensify, many freshwater environments are becoming darker. Suspended sediments released by human-mediated erosion and manufactured dyes discharged into waterways act as pollutants that alter the visual environment. These substances absorb and refract light, reducing visibility levels and potentially interfering with animal behaviors such as predator avoidance, foraging, and social organization. Predicting the effects of such visual pollutants in the environment is complicated by the temporal variability of pollutant levels due to factors such as rainfall and wastewater flow. Here, we compar…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Gonadal remodelling in socially driven sex change is associated with novel and known sex genes, epigenetic reprogramming, and inflammation-mediated apoptosis. Many fish undergo dramatic, socially cued female-to-male sex change, yet the events that initiate and then regulate gonadal reprogramming and reorganisation during this phenomenal metamorphosis are broadly unknown. The New Zealand spotted wrasse, Notolabrus celidotus , is a temperate fish species that displays the extraordinary ability to undergo protogynous sex change. Removal of a terminal-phase male from a social group triggers the most dominant female to change sex and become a male. To characterise the molecular changes associate…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The wrasses are a family, Labridae, of marine ray-finned fish, many of which are brightly colored. The family is large and diverse, with over 600 species in 81 genera, which are divided into eight subfamilies. They are typically small, most of them less than 20 cm (7.9 in) long, although the largest, the humphead wrasse, can measure up to 2.5 m (8.2 ft). They are efficient carnivores, feeding on a wide range of small invertebrates. Many smaller wrasses follow the feeding trails of larger fish, picking up invertebrates disturbed by their passing. Juveniles of some representatives of the genera Bodianus, Epibulus, Cirrhilabrus, Oxycheilinus, and Paracheilinus hide among the tentacles of the f…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens), commonly known as the Siamese fighter, or locally as the betta, is a freshwater fish native to Mainland Southeast Asia, namely Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam. It is one of more than 70 species of the genus Betta, but the only one eponymously called "betta", owing to its global popularity as a pet; Betta splendens are among the most popular aquarium fish in the world, due to their diverse and colorful morphology and relatively low maintenance. Betta fish are endemic to the central plain of Thailand, where they were first domesticated more than 1,000 years ago, among the earliest of any fish. They were initially bred for a…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Tilapia ( tih-LAH-pee-ə) is the common name for nearly a hundred species of cichlid fish from the coelotilapine, coptodonine, heterotilapine, oreochromine, pelmatolapiine, and tilapiine tribes (formerly all were "Tilapiini"), with the economically most important species placed in the Coptodonini and Oreochromini. Tilapia are mainly freshwater fish native to Africa and the Middle East, inhabiting shallow streams, ponds, rivers, and lakes, and less commonly found living in brackish water. Historically, they have been of major importance in artisanal fishing in Africa, and they are of increasing importance in aquaculture and aquaponics. Tilapia can become a problematic invasive species in new…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

A fish is an aquatic, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with a tough cranium to protect the brain, but lacking limbs with digits. Fish can be grouped into the more basal jawless fish and the more common jawed fish, the latter including all living cartilaginous and bony fish, as well as the extinct placoderms and acanthodians. Tetrapods are descended from fish, so in a break from the long tradition of grouping all fish into a single class (Pisces), modern phylogenetics views fish as a paraphyletic group that includes all vertebrates except tetrapods. To treat fish as a monophyletic group, one would have to classify tetrapods as a clade/subgroup of specialized fish, which would make…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Sequential hermaphroditism (called dichogamy in botany) is one of the two types of hermaphroditism, the other type being simultaneous hermaphroditism. It occurs when the organism's sex changes at some point in its life. A sequential hermaphrodite produces eggs (female gametes) and sperm (male gametes) at different stages in life. Sequential hermaphroditism occurs in many fish, gastropods, and plants. Species that can undergo these changes do so as a normal event within their reproductive cycle, usually cued by either social structure or the achievement of a certain age or size. In animals, the different types of change are male to female (protandry or protandrous hermaphroditism), female to…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Oral sex, sometimes referred to as oral intercourse, is sexual activity involving the stimulation of the genitalia of a person by another person using the mouth (including the lips, tongue, or teeth). Cunnilingus is oral sex performed on the vulva while fellatio is oral sex performed on the penis. Anilingus, another form of oral sex, is oral stimulation of the anus. Oral sex may be performed as foreplay to incite sexual arousal before other sexual activities (such as vaginal or anal intercourse), or as an erotic and physically intimate act in its own right. Like most forms of sexual activity, oral sex can pose a risk for contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs). However, the trans…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) is a type of environmental sex determination in which the temperatures experienced during embryonic/larval development determine the sex of the offspring. It is observed in reptiles and teleost fish, with some reports of it occurring in species of shrimp. TSD differs from the chromosomal sex-determination systems common among vertebrates. It is the most studied type of environmental sex determination (ESD). Some other conditions, e.g. density, pH, and environmental background color, are also observed to alter sex ratio, which could be classified either as temperature-dependent sex determination or temperature-dependent sex differentiation, depen…