owoce-i-warzywa: Pollination

Evidence: 45 • authority: 88

Kiwifruit pollination: the interaction between pollen quality, pollination systems and flowering stage. BACKGROUND: Kiwifruit (cv. Hayward) artificial pollination is a crucial technique useful to increase fruit quality and size. However, artificial pollination efficiency depends on the timing of application and the pollination system. OBJECTIVE: The main objective is identify the best practices to be applied in the orchard to reach the best pollination by deciphering the relation between the floral stage and the pollination technique. METHODS: Many parameters were analyzed in different environments in Italy for many years, such as pollen quality (germinability, humidity, conservation at –18…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 72

Pollination is the transfer of pollen from an anther of a plant to the stigma of a plant, later enabling fertilisation and the production of seeds. Pollinating agents can be animals such as insects, for example bees, beetles or butterflies; birds, and bats; water; wind; and even plants themselves. Pollinating animals travel from plant to plant carrying pollen on their bodies in a vital interaction that allows the transfer of genetic material critical to the reproductive system of most flowering plants. Self-pollination can occur within a closed flower, or between flowers on the same plant. Pollination often occurs within a species. When pollination occurs between species, it can produce hyb…

Evidence: 27 • authority: 88

Almond pollination studies: pollen production and viability, flower emergence and cross-pollination tests. During 1978-80, flower emergence was recorded on 12 almond cultivars (Prunus dulcis) at Angle Vale, South Australia. Early flowering cultivars showed a larger annual variation in flowering period (2-3 weeks) than late flowering cultivars (0-2 weeks). In the same period, pollen production ranged from 30 to 122 mg per 100 flowers and in vitro pollen germination ranged from 76.1 to 99.0%. Pollen production and in vitro germination differed significantly between cultivars. Hand-pollination of Nonpareil with pollen from each of eight other cultivars resulted in significantly higher nut set…

Evidence: 27 • authority: 80

KIWIFRUIT POLLINATION: THE INTERACTION BETWEEN POLLEN QUALITY, POLLINATION SYSTEMS AND FLOWERING STAGE

Evidence: 20 • authority: 80

Does pollen aerodynamics correlate with pollination vector? Pollen settling velocity as a test for wind versus insect pollination among cycads (Gymnospermae: Cycadaceae: Zamiaceae)

Evidence: — • authority: 80

POLLEN AND FLOWER FRAGRANCES IN POLLINATION

Evidence: — • authority: 80

31. D. E. Meyer: Goethes botanische Arbeit in Beziehung zu Christian Konrad Sprengel (1750–1816) und Kurt Sprengel (1766–1833) auf Grund neuer Nachforschungen in Briefen und Tagebüchern

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Das entdeckte Geheimniss der Natur im Bau und in der Befruchtung der Blumen /von Christian Konrad Sprengel.

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Fertilisation of Orchids is a book by English naturalist Charles Darwin published on 15 May 1862 under the full explanatory title On the Various Contrivances by Which British and Foreign Orchids Are Fertilised by Insects, and On the Good Effects of Intercrossing. Darwin's previous book, On the Origin of Species, had briefly mentioned evolutionary interactions between insects and the plants they fertilised, and this new idea was explored in detail. Field studies and practical scientific investigations that were initially a recreation for Darwin—a relief from the drudgery of writing—developed into enjoyable and challenging experiments. Aided in his work by his family, friends, and a wide circ…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Flowers, also known as blossoms and blooms, are the reproductive structures of flowering plants. Typically, they are structured in four circular levels around the end of a stalk. These include: sepals, which are modified leaves that support the flower; petals, often designed to attract pollinators; male stamens, where pollen is presented; and female gynoecia, where pollen is received and its movement is facilitated to the egg. When flowers are arranged in a group, they are known collectively as an inflorescence. The development of flowers is a complex and important part in the life cycles of flowering plants. In most plants, flowers are able to produce sex cells of both sexes. Pollen, which…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Pollen is a powdery substance produced by most types of flowers of seed plants for the purpose of sexual reproduction. It consists of pollen grains (highly reduced microgametophytes), which produce male gametes (sperm cells). Pollen grains have a hard coat made of sporopollenin that protects the gametophytes during the process of their movement from the stamens to the pistil of flowering plants, or from the male cone to the female cone of gymnosperms. If pollen lands on a compatible pistil or female cone, it germinates, producing a pollen tube that transfers the sperm to the ovule containing the female gametophyte. Individual pollen grains are small enough to require magnification to see de…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Carl Ludwig Willdenow (22 August 1765 – 10 July 1812) was a German botanist, pharmacist, and plant taxonomist. He is considered one of the founders of phytogeography, the study of the geographic distribution of plants. Willdenow was also a mentor of Alexander von Humboldt, one of the earliest and best known phytogeographers. He also influenced Christian Konrad Sprengel, who pioneered the study of plant pollination and floral biology.