rośliny-i-grzyby: Barbara McClintock

Evidence: 66 • authority: 88

The unsung hero of science: Barbara McClintock, who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of mobile genetic elements. In 1983, American plant biologist and cytogeneticist McClintock, one of the great loners of modern­ scien­ce, received the first woman scientist’s unshared Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Barbara McClintock’s research, conducted in the 1930s, long before the structure of DNA was deciphered, included creating­ the first genetic map of ten chromosomes composing the haploid set of maize microspores and cytological determination of gene location within individual chromosomes. Two phenomena with which Barbara McClintock’s name will forever…

Evidence: 61 • authority: 72

Barbara McClintock (June 16, 1902 – September 2, 1992) was an American cytogeneticist who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. McClintock received her PhD in botany from Cornell University in 1927. There, she started her career as the leader of the development of maize cytogenetics, the focus of her research for the rest of her life. From the late 1920s, McClintock studied chromosomes and how they change during reproduction in maize. She developed the technique for visualizing maize chromosomes and used microscopic analysis to demonstrate many fundamental genetic ideas. One of those ideas was the notion of genetic recombination by crossing-over during meiosis—a mechan…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 92

The History and Challenges of Women in Genetics: A Focus on Non-Western Women.. "Women in much of the world lack support for fundamental functions of a human life." This truthful portrait was pointed out by Martha Nussbaum in her book " Introduction: Feminism & International Development." Throughout history, gender inequality has been persistent in many aspects of life, including health and empowerment. Unfortunately, this inequality has not been excluded from the field of science. Perpetual assumption that women's absence or restriction to secondary roles in various disciplines is an acceptable law of nature misrepresents women's contribution to science and maintains hurdles for participat…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded yearly by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for outstanding discoveries in physiology or medicine. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes prizes that, in accordance with Alfred Nobel's 1895 will, are awarded "to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind". Nobel Prizes are awarded in the fields of Physics, Medicine or Physiology, Chemistry, Literature, and Peace. A sixth prize, for Economic Sciences, was established in 1968 by Sveriges Riksbank (Sweden's central bank) in memory of Alfred Nobel. The Nobel Prize is presented annually on the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death, 10 December…

Evidence: 21 • authority: 80

Unshared Nobel Prize and Inclusive Recognition

Evidence: 21 • authority: 80

Barbara McClintock: Nobel prize in physiology/medicine

Evidence: 21 • authority: 72

The presence of women in science spans the earliest times of the history of science wherein they have made substantial contributions. Historians with an interest in gender and science have researched the scientific endeavors and accomplishments of women, the barriers they have faced, and the strategies implemented to have their work peer-reviewed and accepted in major scientific journals and other publications. The historical, critical, and sociological study of these issues has become an academic discipline in its own right. The involvement of women in medicine occurred in several early Western civilizations, and the study of natural philosophy in ancient Greece was open to women. Women co…