konserwowanie: Begur inscriptions and hero stones

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The Begur inscriptions and hero stones are significant archaeological and epigraphical artifacts located primarily in Begur, a locality within the Bengaluru South taluk. Spanning a period from the Western Ganga dynasty (c. 6th-10th centuries CE) through the Chola and later periods (up to the 16th century CE), these artifacts are crucial for understanding the early history of Bengaluru. Notably, a 9th/10th-century inscription found here contains the earliest known written reference to "Bengulooru" (Bengaluru), challenging later narratives about the city's founding. The inscriptions and hero stones, mainly concentrated within the Panchalingeshwara Temple complex (also known as Nageshvara Temp…

Evidence: 35 • authority: 80

RELIGIOUS HARMONY AND INTEGRATED CULTURAL TRADITIONS IN VAISHALI: ASPECTS OF BUDDHISM, JAINISM AND GUPTA-ERA SHAIVISM

Evidence: 35 • authority: 80

RELIGIOUS HARMONY AND INTEGRATED CULTURAL TRADITIONS IN VAISHALI: ASPECTS OF BUDDHISM, JAINISM AND GUPTA-ERA SHAIVISM

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Inscription stones of Bengaluru refers to numerous historical stone plaques, tablets, and rock carvings bearing inscriptions (epigraphs) and sometimes sculptures (such as hero stones) found throughout the Bengaluru metropolitan area in Karnataka, India. Within the limits of the modern Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike, approximately 175 such stones have been documented in various historical surveys and publications. These artifacts, dating from the Ganga dynasty period (c. 4th century CE) through the Chola, Hoysala, Vijayanagara, Maratha, Mysore Kingdom, and British periods up to the early 20th century, provide invaluable primary source material for understanding the region's history, topo…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Rama (; Sanskrit: राम, IAST: Rāma, Sanskrit: [ˈraːmɐ] ), also known as Ram, is a major deity in Hinduism, who is worshipped as one of the prominent avatars of Vishnu. Rama is considered an ideal man (maryāda puruṣottama) and is the heroic protagonist of the Hindu epic Ramayana. In Rama-centric Hindu traditions, he is considered the Supreme Being. Often respectfully referred to as Sri Rama, his life is celebrated through several festivals: birth on Rama Navami, victory in battle on Vijayadashami, and return to Ayodhya on Diwali, which is marked by lights and fireworks. Legends of Rama also feature in the texts of Jainism and Buddhism. According to the Ramayana of Valmiki, Rama was born to Da…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Hinduism () is an umbrella term for a range of Indian religious and spiritual traditions (sampradayas) that are unified by adherence to Dharma, a cosmic order maintained by its followers through rituals and righteous living, as expounded in the Vedas. The word Hindu originated as an exonym, and while Hinduism has been called the oldest surviving religion in the world, it is also described since the 19th century by the term Sanātana Dharma (lit. 'eternal dharma'). Vaidika Dharma (lit. 'Vedic dharma') and Arya Dharma are historical endonyms for Hinduism. Hinduism encompasses diverse systems of thought, marked by a range of shared concepts that discuss theology, mythology, and other topics in…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Jainism is an ancient Indian religion belonging to the Śramaṇa tradition. Jains trace their history through a lineage of twenty-four tirthankaras (ford-makers), revering Rishabhanatha as the first in the present time-cycle. While tradition considers the dharma eternal, scholarly consensus places its verifiable historical roots in the 9th–8th century BCE, with the last two tirthankaras, Parshvanatha (c. 9th-8th c. BCE) and Mahāvīra (c. 6th c. BCE), widely accepted as historical figures. Mahāvīra is viewed by scholars not as a founder, but as a reformer of the pre-existing community established by Parshvanatha. Following Mahāvīra's nirvana (c. 527 BCE, the start of the Vira Nirvana Samvat era…

Evidence: — • authority: 88

Balinese Hindu Religious Rituals as Practices of Religious Ecology. Balinese Hindu religious rituals function not only as expressions of spiritual devotion but also as socio-cultural practices that embody ecological values. This article aims to analyze Balinese Hindu rituals as forms of religious ecology practices that regulate the relationship between humans and nature within the context of contemporary Balinese society. This study employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method by examining Hindu religious texts, scholarly works, and previous studies related to religion and environmental discourse. The findings indicate that Balinese Hindu rituals, such as subak rituals, B…