rekordy: Martial eagle

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The martial eagle (Polemaetus bellicosus) is a large eagle native to sub-Saharan Africa. It is the only member of the genus Polemaetus. A species of the booted eagle subfamily (Aquilinae), it has feathers over its tarsus. One of the largest and most powerful species of booted eagle, it is a fairly opportunistic predator that varies its prey selection between mammals, birds and reptiles. It is one of few eagle species known to hunt primarily from a high soar, by swooping down on its quarry. This species, an inhabitant of wooded belts of otherwise open savanna, has shown a precipitous decline in the last few centuries due to a variety of factors. The martial eagle is one of the most persecute…

Evidence: 81 • authority: 72

The wedge-tailed eagle (Aquila audax) is the largest bird of prey in the continent of Australia. It is also found in southern New Guinea to the north and is distributed as far south as the state of Tasmania. Adults of the species have long, broad wings, fully feathered legs, an unmistakable, wedge-shaped tail, an elongated upper mandible, a strong beak, and powerful feet. The wedge-tailed eagle is one of 12 species of large, predominantly dark-coloured booted eagles in the genus Aquila found worldwide. Genetic research clearly has indicated that the wedge-tailed eagle is fairly closely related to other, generally large members of the Aquila genus. A large, brown-to-black bird of prey, it ha…

Evidence: 57 • authority: 72

The crowned eagle, also known as the African crowned eagle or the crowned hawk-eagle (Stephanoaetus coronatus), is a large bird of prey found in sub-Saharan Africa; in Southern Africa, it is restricted to more easterly areas. Its preferred habitats are principally riparian woodlands and various forests. The crowned eagle is the only extant member of the genus Stephanoaetus. A second species, the Malagasy crowned eagle (Stephanoaetus mahery), went extinct after early humans settled on Madagascar. Mammals comprise the majority of the eagle's diet. Principal prey species vary throughout its large range, with monkeys, antelopes, rodents, hyraxes, and viverrids all being notable prey groups. Oth…

Evidence: 57 • authority: 92

Continental scale dietary patterns in a New World raptor using web-sourced photographs.. Dietary studies are essential to better understand raptor ecology and resource requirements through time and space, informing species habitat use, interspecific interactions and demographic rates. Methods used to collect data on raptor diets can constrain how dietary analyses can be interpreted. Traditional approaches to study raptor diets, such as analysis of pellets or prey remains, often provide dietary data at the local population level and tend to be restricted to pairs during the breeding season. The increasing use of citizen science data has the potential to provide dietary inferences at larger s…

Evidence: 44 • authority: 72

Haast's eagle (Hieraaetus moorei), sometimes known as Fuller's eagle, is an extinct species of eagle that lived in the South Island of New Zealand, commonly accepted to be the pouākai of Māori mythology. It is the largest eagle known to have existed, with an estimated weight of 10–18 kilograms (22–40 pounds), compared to the next-largest and extant harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja) and Steller's sea eagle (Haliaeetus pelagicus) at up to 9 kg (20 lb). Its massive size is explained as an evolutionary response to the size of its primary prey—the flightless moa—the largest of which could weigh 200 kg (440 lb). Haast's eagle became extinct around 1445, following the arrival of the Māori, who hunted m…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 80

Osprey, kites, Booted Eagle, Snake Eagles, Hawk Eagles and Buteo species in flight

Evidence: 38 • authority: 92

Assessment of a Social Media-Based Method for Determining Raptor Diet.. Accurate dietary information is important to improve ecological knowledge and assist in the conservation of threatened predators and their prey. Globally, many raptor populations are threatened and would benefit from accurate diet information. However, the existing methods of collecting diets can be time consuming, biased, or unfeasible for large spatial areas. Use of citizen science has been suggested to address these issues, but critical analysis of the method and comparison with existing methods is largely incomplete. Here, we evaluate the accuracy, efficiency, and biases of raptor diets data mined from social media.…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Use of Citizen Science to Determine Prey Partitioning Between Two Coastal Raptors.. In order to effectively conserve a species, it is often important to understand the ecological niche it occupies, and the resources required to sustain it. For predators, prey is typically the most important resource, and predators either outcompete for or partition resources to secure long-term food security. Raptors have been shown to utilise both strategies. However, demonstrating competition and prey partitioning between raptors is difficult. Traditional diet collection methods can be prohibitively time-consuming over large spatial areas and biased towards breeding individuals and nest sites. Use of citi…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Predator becomes prey: Martial eagle predation of lion cubs in the greater Mara region, Kenya.. In many intact African savannah ecosystems, martial eagles are the top avian predator, while lions are the top terrestrial predator. Here, we report seven records of martial eagle predation or attempted predation of lion cubs in the greater Mara region, Kenya. These events resulted in the death of nine lion cubs, most of which were at least partially consumed, and are the first detailed records of this behaviour to be published. While these observations represent intraguild interactions, we suggest that they reflect neither intraguild predation nor interspecific killing. Rather, the ecology of bo…

Evidence: — • authority: 88

MEO: Martial Eagle Optimizer Algorithm. Abstract In this paper, the method of flight and movement of Martial Eagle (Polemaetus Bellicosus) for hunting prey is used to design and Meta-Heuristic (MH) algorithm called Martial Eagle Optimizer (MEO). Martial Eagle is a large hunting bird of the falcon category, which lives in southern Africa. Its prey is very diverse and varies according to its habitat, including birds, reptiles and mammals. The Martial Eagle is even capable of hunting young pythons, baboons and other monkeys, and small deer. The optimization process by the proposed MEO is performed in three stages, two stages are related to the ExploRation Phase (ERP) and one stage is related t…

Evidence: — • authority: 88

Using web-sourced photography to explore the diet of a declining African raptor, the Martial Eagle (Polemaetus bellicosus). ABSTRACT Understanding a species’ diet can be critical for effective conservation. While several traditional methods for assessing raptor diet exist, many pose inherit biases and often require extensive fieldwork that can limit sample sizes and the geographic scope of studies. This is especially true for species that nest at low densities (e.g., large eagles). Recently, several studies have demonstrated the value of web-sourced photographs in tackling ecological and evolutionary questions. Specialized software (e.g., MORPHIC) has been developed to systematically extrac…