agd: Hydraulic shock

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Hydraulic shock (colloquial: water hammer; fluid hammer) is the pressure surge or wave caused when a fluid in motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly. It is caused by the sudden momentum change of the fluid. It is usually observed in a liquid but gases can also be affected. This phenomenon commonly occurs when a valve closes suddenly at an end of a pipeline system and a pressure wave propagates in the pipe. This pressure wave can cause major problems, from noise and vibration to pipe rupture and collapse. It is possible to reduce the effects of the water hammer pulses with accumulators, expansion tanks, surge tanks, blowoff valves, and other features. The effects can be avoide…

Evidence: 56 • authority: 92

Pressure surge and blade torque during shutdown of in-pipe drag-based turbines.. Hydraulic transients in drag-based in-pipe turbines during sudden operational changes can induce pressure pulsations, water hammer, cavitation, and column separation in pipeline components located both upstream and downstream of the turbine. Additionally, the torque imposed on turbine blades is a critical concern, as frequent operational changes can accelerate blade fatigue and potentially lead to structural failure. This study integrates the Method of Characteristics (MOC) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to model transient phenomena resulting from the abrupt stoppage of a hydrodynamic in-pipe turbine. T…

Evidence: 54 • authority: 72

Evidence: 49 • authority: 72

An expansion tank or expansion vessel is a small tank used to protect closed water heating systems and domestic hot water systems from excessive pressure. The tank is partially filled with air, whose compressibility absorbs excess water pressure caused by thermal expansion and cushions shock caused by water hammer.

Evidence: 43 • authority: 72

Watson's water hammer pulse, also known as Corrigan's pulse or collapsing pulse, is the medical sign (seen in aortic regurgitation) which describes a pulse that is bounding and forceful, rapidly increasing and subsequently collapsing, as if it were the sound of a water hammer that was causing the pulse.

Evidence: 43 • authority: 72

A steam separator, sometimes called a moisture separator or steam drier, is a device for separating water droplets from steam. The simplest type of steam separator is the steam dome on a steam locomotive. Stationary boilers and nuclear reactors may have more complex devices that impart a "spin" to the steam so that water droplets are thrown outwards by centrifugal force and collected. All separators require steam traps to collect the water droplets that they remove. It is important to remove water droplets from steam because: In all engines, wet steam reduces the thermal efficiency In piston engines, water can accumulate in the cylinders and cause a hydraulic lock which will damage the engi…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 72

Evidence: 37 • authority: 88

Evidence: 37 • authority: 92

Evidence: 37 • authority: 72

Hydropneumatic devices (or hydro-pneumatic devices) are systems that operate using water and gas to store energy, or amplify mechanical force. The devices are used in various applications which include pressure booster systems for high-rise buildings, shock absorbing accumulators in industrial machinery, and heavy-duty presses.

Evidence: 36 • authority: 72

Evidence: 36 • authority: 92