zwierzęta: Mind–body problem

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The mind–body problem is a philosophical problem concerning the relationship between thought and consciousness in the human mind and body. It addresses the nature of consciousness, mental states, and their relation to the physical brain and nervous system. The problem centers on understanding how immaterial thoughts and feelings can interact with the material world, or whether they are ultimately physical phenomena. This problem has been a central issue in philosophy of mind since the 17th century, particularly following René Descartes' formulation of dualism, which proposes that mind and body are fundamentally distinct substances. Other major philosophical positions include monism, which e…

Evidence: 57 • authority: 92

The Mind-Matter Dichotomy: A Persistent Challenge for Neuroscientific and Philosophical Theories.. Several areas of cognitive neuroscience tackle traditional philosophical questions. Among the range of problems, two closely related issues will be addressed in more detail from both neurobiological and philosophical perspectives: the relationship between mind and matter and the nature of perception. Neuropsychological and neurophysiological studies are reviewed that examine the connection between neuronal processes and consciousness. The most prominent theories on the neuronal correlates of consciousness (NCC) are then compared with philosophical attempts to address the epistemic gap between…

Evidence: 51 • authority: 72

The mind is that which thinks, feels, perceives, imagines, remembers, and wills. It covers the totality of mental phenomena, including both conscious processes, through which an individual is aware of external and internal circumstances, and unconscious processes, which can influence an individual without intention or awareness. The mind plays a central role in most aspects of human life, but its exact nature is disputed. Some characterizations focus on internal aspects, saying that the mind transforms information and is not directly accessible to outside observers. Others stress its relation to outward conduct, understanding mental phenomena as dispositions to engage in observable behavior…

Evidence: 44 • authority: 92

Qualities, subjectivity and spatial extension: is there a common factor?. According to the Extended Information Theory, conscious vision allows us to know how objects extend into the space they belong to. In this way, consciousness compensates for some of the limitations of Neuro-Computational systems, which handle Point-Like Information. The aim of this paper is to explore the potential links between spatial extension and two other properties of phenomenal experience: subjectivity and the qualitative aspect. One way to investigate these aspects and develop a coherent model for explaining subjectivity, qualities and spatial extension is to identify a property that underlies them. I have ide…

Evidence: 44 • authority: 92

I am not my self: Reconceiving identity in rehabilitation care.. ProblemHow does someone altered by illness adjust their view of themselves and how could rehabilitation help?BackgroundRehabilitation is expanding its scope to become more holistic, beyond a preoccupation with physical functioning, which requires an understanding of the concept of personal identity. One currently employed approach defines the self as expressed through the physical.PhilosophySuch a view risks reifying the self into something owned. Instead, the change a person experiences with illness or injury is not a shift within themselves but reflects alterations in their interactions with the world. A person is not an int…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 72

Philosophy of mind is a branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of the mind and its relation to the body and the external world. The mind–body problem is a paradigmatic issue in philosophy of mind, although a number of other issues are addressed; these include the hard problem of consciousness and the nature of particular mental states. Aspects of the mind that are studied include mental events, mental functions, mental properties, consciousness and its neural correlates, the ontology of the mind, the nature of cognition and of thought, and the relationship of the mind to the body. Dualism and monism are the two central schools of thought on the mind–body problem, although nuanced v…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 72

In philosophy of mind, mind–body dualism denotes either that mental phenomena are non-physical, or that the mind and body are distinct and separable. Thus, it encompasses a set of views about the relationship between mind and matter, as well as between subject and object, and is contrasted with other positions, such as physicalism and enactivism, in the mind–body problem. Aristotle shared Plato's view of multiple souls and further elaborated a hierarchical arrangement, corresponding to the distinctive functions of plants, animals, and humans: a nutritive soul of growth and metabolism that all three share; a perceptive soul of pain, pleasure, and desire that only humans and other animals sha…