geografia: Surname

Evidence: 39 • authority: 80

الملك إري ـ حـــور Iry-Hr دراسة تاريخية وأثرية A HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE KING Iry-Hor

Evidence: 38 • authority: 72

Iry-Hor (or Ro; fl. c. 3170 BC) was a predynastic king of Upper Egypt during the 32nd century BC. Excavations at Abydos in the 1980s and 1990s and the discovery in 2012 of an inscription of Iry-Hor at Wadi Ameyra in the Sinai confirmed his existence. Iry-Hor is the earliest ruler of Egypt known by name and is sometimes cited as the earliest-living historical person known by name.

Evidence: 47 • authority: 72

The archaeology of ancient Egypt is the study of the archaeology of Egypt, stretching from prehistory through three millennia of documented history. Egyptian archaeology is one of the branches of Egyptology. Napoleon's invasion of Egypt in 1798 led to the Western passion for Egyptian antiquities. In the modern era, the Ministry of State for Antiquities controls excavation permits for Egyptologists. The field can now use geophysical methods and other applications of modern sensing techniques. John Romer, Zahi Hawass, Sarah Parcak, Toby Wilkinson are some of the prominent Egyptologists making excavations in Egypt today.

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Slavery in ancient Egypt existed at least since the Old Kingdom period. Discussions of slavery in Pharaonic Egypt are complicated by terminology used by the Egyptians to refer to different classes of servitude over the course of dynastic history. Interpretation of the textual evidence of classes of slaves in ancient Egypt has been difficult to differentiate by word usage alone. There were three types of enslavement in Ancient Egypt: chattel slavery, bonded labor, and forced labor. Even these seemingly well-differentiated types of slavery are susceptible to individual interpretation. Egypt's labor culture encompassed many people of various social ranks. The word translated as "slave" from th…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Naqada III is the last archaeological phase of the Naqada culture of ancient Egyptian prehistory. Depending on the sources, it is dated to approximately from 3325 to 3000 BC, from c. 3350 BC to c. 2920 BC, or from 3200 to 3000 BC. The period corresponds to Flinders Petrie's "Sequence Dates" SD 63–76. It is the period during which the process of state formation, which began in Naqada II, became highly visible, with named kings heading powerful polities. Naqada III is often described as the Protodynastic Period of Egypt, and the later part of Naqada III is usually associated with Dynasty 0 to reflect the presence of kings at the head of influential states, although, in fact, the kings involve…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Memphis (Egyptian Arabic: منف, romanized: Manf, pronounced [mænf]; Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲉⲙϥⲓ; Greek: Μέμφις), or Men-nefer, was the ancient capital of Inebu-hedj, the first nome of Lower Egypt that was known as mḥw ("North"). Its ruins are located in the vicinity of the present-day village of Mit Rahina (Arabic: ميت رهينة), in Badrashin markaz (county), Giza Governorate, Egypt. Along with the pyramid fields that stretch across a desert plateau for more than 30 kilometres (19 mi) on its west, including the famous Pyramids of Giza, Memphis and its necropolis have been listed as a World Heritage Site. The site is open to the public as an open-air museum. According to legends related in the early…

Evidence: 39 • authority: 88

Cat. 69 Finger Ring with the Throne Name of King Horemheb, New Kingdom. This is an entry written by Emily Teeter on Finger Ring with the Throne Name of King Horemheb, New Kingdom, in the digital publication Ancient Egyptian Art at the Art Institute of Chicago (2025).

Evidence: 39 • authority: 72

Ancient Egypt was a cradle of civilization concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in the eastern part of North Africa. It emerged from prehistoric Egypt around 3150 BC (according to conventional Egyptian chronology), when Upper and Lower Egypt were united by Menes, who is believed by the majority of Egyptologists to have been the same person as Narmer. The history of ancient Egypt unfolded as a series of stable kingdoms interspersed by the "Intermediate Periods" of relative instability. These stable kingdoms existed in one of three periods: the Old Kingdom of the Early Bronze Age; the Middle Kingdom of the Middle Bronze Age; or the New Kingdom of the Late Bronze Age. The pin…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 72

Dynasty 0, Dynasty Zero, or the Protodynastic period are the terms used to describe the kings of Egypt during the Naqada III period of Egypt. These kings ruled over part or all of Egypt, with this dynasty ending with the legendary king Menes, who is usually associated with Narmer or Aha. This period saw a rise in Egyptian royalty, leading to Egyptian unification by Menes. During this period, names were written in serekhs on a variety of surfaces, usually on jars and in tombs. This period is characterized by constant conflict with the people in the Nile Delta, likely to control trade routes with the Levant.

Evidence: 38 • authority: 88

Ancient Egyptian Personal Names. A list of ancient Egyptian names that appear on objects in this catalogue, with English vocalizations, hieroglyphic spelling(s) found on the objects, a transliteration, and the relevant catalogue number(s) for each name.

Evidence: 38 • authority: 72

The pharaohs were the monarchs of ancient Egypt from the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt c. 3100 BC, with several times of fragmentation and foreign rule. The specific title of "pharaoh" (pr-ꜥꜣ) was not used until the New Kingdom, c. 1400 BC, but it is retroactively applied to all Egyptian kings; the generic term for monarchs was "nesut" (nswt). In addition to these titles, pharaohs had a complex royal titulary that remained relatively constant during its 3000-year history, having up to five royal names. Egypt was continuously governed, at least in part, by native pharaohs for approximately 2500 years, until it was conquered in the late 8th century BC by the Kingdom of Kush, whose rule…

Evidence: — • authority: 65