ubiór-i-moda: Kösem Sultan

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Kösem Sultan (Ottoman Turkish: كسم سلطان; 1589 – 2 September 1651), also known as Mahpeyker Kösem Sultan (Ottoman Turkish: ماه پیكر;), was the Haseki Sultan as a favorite consort and legal wife of Ottoman sultan Ahmed I and Valide Sultan as mother of Murad IV and Ibrahim, and grandmother of Mehmed IV. She effectively ruled as regent of the Ottoman Empire during the minority of Murad IV from 1623 to 1632, from 1640 to 1648 during the unstable rule of Ibrahim, and again from 1648 until her assassination in 1651 during the minority of Mehmed IV. She was one of the most powerful and influential women in Ottoman history, as well as a central and controversial figure during the period known as th…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 80

The Call for Sustainable and Resilient Policies in the COVID-19 Crisis: How Can They Be Interpreted and Implemented?

Evidence: 38 • authority: 88

Can Competition and Patent Policies Avert the Antibiotic Crisis?. Countries worldwide face an antibiotics health crisis. Resistant bacteria are rendering the current stock of antibiotics ineffective, and the pipeline of back-up drugs is running dry. Canada contributes more than its share to this global problem, with per-capita doses of antibiotics exceeding those of many of its peer countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. In a simple dynamic framework, we identify an efficient policy that reduces overuse and hence prolongs the lives of antibiotics. The policy includes (a) narrow patents to allow substitute drugs; (b) a flexible competition policy to permit l…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 80

Who is the Next Ottoman Sultan? Attempts to Change the Rule of Succession during the Nineteenth Century

Evidence: 38 • authority: 72

Hürrem Sultan (Turkish pronunciation: [hyɾˈɾæm suɫˈtan]; Ottoman Turkish: خرّم سلطان; c. 1505 – 15 April 1558), also known as Roxelana, was the chief consort and legal wife of Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, mother of his successor Selim II, and the first haseki sultan of the Ottoman Empire. She became one of the most powerful and influential women in Ottoman history, and the first in a series of prominent women who lived during the period that came to be known as the Sultanate of Women. She is commonly considered the most powerful Haseki Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. Presumably born in Ruthenia to a Ruthenian Orthodox family, she was captured by Crimean Tatars during a slave raid…