ciało-człowieka: Phimosis

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Phimosis (from Greek φίμωσις phimōsis 'muzzling') is a penile condition characterized by restricted foreskin retractability, such that the foreskin cannot be stretched sufficiently to permit retraction beyond the glans during an erection. A balloon-like swelling under the foreskin may occur with urination. In teenagers and adults, it may result in pain during an erection, but is otherwise not painful. Those affected are at greater risk of inflammation of the glans, known as balanitis, and other complications. As a newborn, phimosis is considered physiological (normal). At birth, the foreskin is naturally adhered to the glans, and cannot be retracted. As the child ages, in most cases, the fo…

Evidence: 59 • authority: 92

Topical steroids are effective even in severe phimosis: Evidence from a multicenter cohort.. Phimosis is commonly encountered in pediatric surgical practice. Despite evidence supporting topical corticosteroids for phimosis, many clinicians believe they are ineffective in certain subgroups such as severe phimosis or older children, leading to early circumcision. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of topical corticosteroids across different severities and patient characteristics. We conducted a prospective multicenter cohort study across 12 Chilean hospitals between June 2023 and August 2024. Boys under 18 years old with phimosis grades 2 to 5 (Kikiros classification) were treated…

Evidence: 49 • authority: 92

Real-world outcomes of topical corticosteroids for pediatric phimosis: The impact of lichen sclerosus and second-line clobetasol.. Objective Topical corticosteroids are widely used as first-line therapy for pediatric phimosis, with high success rates reported in controlled studies. However, outcomes in routine clinical practice may be more variable. We evaluated real-world outcomes of topical corticosteroid therapy for pediatric phimosis and explored factors associated with treatment response, including treatment strategy, age, and clinical findings suggestive of Lichen Sclerosus (LS). Materials and methods A prospective observational cohort study was conducted including pediatric patients…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Circumcision is a surgical procedure that removes the foreskin from the human penis. In the procedure's most common form, the foreskin is extended with forceps, then a circumcision device may be placed, after which the foreskin is excised. Topical or locally injected anesthesia is generally used to reduce pain and physiologic stress. Circumcision is undertaken for religious, cultural, social, and medical reasons. It may be medically necessary in cases of phimosis, chronic urinary tract infections (UTIs), and other pathologies of the penis that do not resolve with other treatments. The procedure is contraindicated in cases of certain genital structure abnormalities or poor general health. Th…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 72

In male human anatomy, the foreskin, also known as the prepuce (), is the double-layered fold of skin, mucosal and muscular tissue at the distal end of the human penis that covers the glans and the urinary meatus. The foreskin is attached to the glans by an elastic band of tissue, known as the frenulum. The outer skin of the foreskin meets with the inner preputial mucosa at the area of the mucocutaneous junction. The foreskin is mobile, fairly stretchable and sustains the glans in a moist environment. A similar structure known as a penile sheath appears in the male sexual organs of all primates and the vast majority of mammals. In humans, foreskin length varies widely and coverage of the gl…

Evidence: 40 • authority: 88

Evidence: 24 • authority: 92

Evidence: 24 • authority: 92