optyka: Laser

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The word laser originated as an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. The first laser was built in 1960 by Theodore Maiman at Hughes Research Laboratories, based on theoretical work by Charles H. Townes and Arthur Leonard Schawlow and the optical amplifier patented by Gordon Gould. A laser differs from other sources of light in that it emits light that is coherent. Spatial coherence allows a laser to be focused to a tight spot, enabling uses such as optical communication, laser cutting, and lithography. It also allows a…

Evidence: 63 • authority: 72

Theodore Harold Maiman (July 11, 1927 – May 5, 2007) was an American engineer and physicist who is widely credited with the invention of the laser. Maiman's laser led to the subsequent development of many other types of lasers. The laser was successfully fired on May 16, 1960. In a July 7, 1960, press conference in Manhattan, Maiman and his employer, Hughes Aircraft Company, announced the laser to the world. Maiman was granted a patent for his invention, and he received many awards and honors for his work. His experiences in developing the first laser and subsequent related events are recounted in his book, The Laser Odyssey, later being republished in 2018 under a new title, The Laser Inve…

Evidence: 48 • authority: 80

Addendum 1: Speech by Dr. Theodore H. Maiman, July 7, 1960, at Press Conference, New York, Announcing the Creation of the First Laser

Evidence: 30 • authority: 80

Personal Profile: Theodore H. Maiman: Persistence and Simplicity Helped Him Create the First Laser

Evidence: 30 • authority: 80

Video: Theodore Maiman on the first laser

Evidence: 30 • authority: 72

The Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize is an annual award given by the American Physical Society "to recognize and encourage outstanding theoretical or experimental contributions to condensed matter physics." It was endowed by AT&T Bell Laboratories as a means of recognizing outstanding scientific work. The prize is named in honor of Oliver Ellsworth Buckley, a former president of Bell Labs. Before 1982, it was known as the Oliver E. Buckley Solid State Prize. It is one of the most prestigious awards in the field of condensed matter physics. The prize is normally awarded to one person but may be shared if multiple recipients contributed to the same accomplishments. Nominations are act…

Evidence: 22 • authority: 80

Addendum 9: U.S. Patent Number 3,353,115: Ruby Laser Systems, Inventor Theodore H. Maiman

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Inexpensive Methods for Live Imaging of Central Pattern Generator Activity in the <i>Drosophila</i> Larval Locomotor System.. Central pattern generators (CPGs) are neural networks that produce rhythmic motor activity in the absence of sensory input. CPGs produce 'fictive' behaviours in vitro which parallel activity seen in intact animals. CPG networks have been identified in a wide variety of model organisms and have been shown to be critical for generating rhythmic behaviours such as swimming, walking, chewing and breathing. Work with CPG preparations has led to fundamental advances in neuroscience; however, most CPG preparations involve intensive dissections and require sophisticated elec…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Dissipative Soliton Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser Using Nb₂AlC Nanomaterial Saturable Absorber.. We report the fabrication of an erbium-doped fiber-based saturable absorber (SA) of niobium aluminium carbide (Nb 2 AlC) nanomaterial that can generate a dissipative soliton mode-locked pulse. Stable mode-locked pulses operating at 1530 nm with repetition rates of 1 MHz and pulse widths of 6.375 ps were produced using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and the Nb2AlC nanomaterial. A peak pulse energy of 7.43 nJ was measured at 175.87 mW pump power. In addition to providing some useful design suggestions for manufacturing SAs based on MAX phase materials, this work shows the MAX phase mate…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

The Invention of the Laser.. In this chapter, I describe a scientific rivalry at Columbia University's physics department in the days of the 1950s before and when the laser invented, and the race to build a laser eventually won by a scientist in California in 1960. It tracks the arc from Charles Townes' success in amplifying microwaves with a device he called the maser, to graduate student Gordon Gould's realization of how shorter and more powerful light waves could also be amplified. The chapter describes Gould's notebook, written in 1957, diagramming an optically pumped laser. In the same notebook, he coined the word laser, an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radi…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Laser Tattoo Removal. Tattoos have been applied to human skin since prehistory as rights of passage, indications of group membership, aesthetic enhancements, sequelae of trauma, components of medical procedures, and even as penalties. Presumably, the desire to remove them has existed for just as long. Early tattoo removal methods included cryotherapy, surgical excision, and skin resurfacing techniques, such as dermabrasion or chemical peeling. Cryotherapy and resection of the tattooed skin tend to leave residual textural changes or surgical scars and may not be feasible for large tattoos. On the other hand, skin resurfacing only reaches down to the papillary dermis, which may be effective f…