optyka: Panoramic photography

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Panoramic photography is a technique of photography, using specialized equipment or software, that captures images with horizontally elongated fields of view. It is sometimes known as wide format photography. The term has also been applied to a photograph that is cropped to a relatively wide aspect ratio, like the familiar letterbox format in wide-screen video. When displayed interactively, it is known as an interactive panorama. While there is no formal division between "wide-angle" and "panoramic" photography, "wide-angle" normally refers to a type of lens, but using this lens type does not necessarily make an image a panorama. An image made with an ultra wide-angle fisheye lens covering…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 72

The aspect ratio of an image is the ratio of its width to its height. It is expressed as two numbers separated by a colon, in the format width:height. Common aspect ratios are 1.85:1 and 2.39:1 in cinematography, 4:3 (originally) and 16:9 in television, and 3:2 in still photography. Other common display aspect ratios include 5:4 and 16:10. The 1:1 aspect ratio is used for square images, often seen on social media platforms like Instagram, and 21:9 is an "ultrawide" aspect ratio popular for gaming and desktop monitors.

Evidence: 24 • authority: 72

Cropping is the removal of unwanted outer areas from a photographic or illustrated image. The process usually consists of the removal of some of the peripheral areas of an image to remove extraneous visual data from the picture, improve its framing, change the aspect ratio, or accentuate or isolate the subject matter from its background. Depending on the application, this can be performed on a physical photograph, artwork, or film footage, or it can be achieved digitally by using image editing software. The process of cropping is common to the photographic, film processing, broadcasting, graphic design, and printing businesses.

Evidence: — • authority: 72

In mathematics, two quantities are in the golden ratio if their ratio is the same as the ratio of their sum to the larger of the two quantities. Expressed algebraically, for quantities ⁠ a {\displaystyle a} ⁠ and ⁠ b {\displaystyle b} ⁠ with ⁠ a > b > 0 {\displaystyle a>b>0} ⁠, ⁠ a {\displaystyle a} ⁠ is in a golden ratio to ⁠ b {\displaystyle b} ⁠ if a + b a = a b = φ , {\displaystyle {\frac {a+b}{a}}={\frac {a}{b}}=\varphi ,} where the Greek letter phi (⁠ φ {\displaystyle \varphi } ⁠ or ⁠ ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } ⁠, or ⁠ Φ {\displaystyle \Phi } ⁠) denotes the golden ratio. The constant ⁠ φ {\displaystyle \varphi } ⁠ satisfies the quadratic equation ⁠ φ 2 = φ + 1 {\displaystyle \textstyle \…

Evidence: — • authority: 80

NEMS and nanotechnologies with high aspect ratio (LIGA-like and LIGA) or (high-aspect ratio)

Evidence: — • authority: 88

Low Aspect Ratio Axial Flow Compressors: Why and What It Means. <div class="htmlview paragraph">One of the more visible changes which has occured in fans and compressors for aircraft turbine engines which have entered development since about 1970 has been a significant reduction in the aspect ratio of the blading. This has brought with it a greatly reduced engine parts count and improved ruggedness and aeroelastic stability. This paper traces the evolution of thinking concerning appropriate aspect ratios for axial flow compressors since the early years of the aircraft turbine engine. In the 1950s, moderate aspect ratios were favored for reasons of mechanical design. As mechanical design cap…

Evidence: — • authority: 88

Low Aspect Ratio Axial Flow Compressors: Why and What It Means. One of the more visible changes that has occurred in fans and compressors for aircraft turbine engines that have entered development since about 1970 has been a significant reduction in the aspect ratio of the blading. This has brought with it a greatly reduced engine parts count and improved ruggedness and aeroelastic stability. This paper traces the evolution of thinking concerning appropriate aspect ratios for axial flow compressors since the early years of the aircraft turbine engine. In the 1950’s, moderate aspect ratios were favored for reasons of mechanical design. As mechanical design capability became more sophisticate…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Development and validation of a predictive nomogram for cervical lymph node metastasis in aspect ratio ≥1 papillary thyroid carcinoma using ultrasonic features and serum calcitonin.. Background Preoperative prediction of cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) remains challenging in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) exhibiting an aspect ratio ≥1, a subgroup in which ultrasound alone has limited sensitivity (approximately 50%) and no dedicated predictive model currently exists. This study aimed to develop and internally validate a predictive nomogram combining ultrasonic features and serum calcitonin for CLNM in this specific population. Methods This retrospective study consecuti…