energia: History of smartphones

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The first commercial smartphones are widely recognized to be the IBM Simon Personal Communicator, released in 1992, and General Magic's Magic Cap devices released by Sony ('magic link') and Motorola ('envoy') in 1994.

Evidence: 53 • authority: 72

The IBM Simon Personal Communicator (simply known as IBM Simon) is a cellular phone and personal digital assistant (PDA) designed by International Business Machines (IBM), released in 1992. Built on an x86 processor, the IBM Simon features a 4.5 inch resistive touchscreen display and runs an MS-DOS-compatible operating system with the ability to install additional software using its PCMCIA slot. The Simon also has a modem for faxing and email and was also the first PDA to make phone calls through a cellular network; due to these features and capabilities, it has retrospectively been referred to as the first true smartphone. The device was manufactured by Mitsubishi Electric. BellSouth Cellu…

Evidence: 24 • authority: 72

The term personal communicator has been used with several meanings. Around 1990 the next generation digital mobile phones were called digital personal communicators. Another definition, coined in 1991, is for a category of handheld devices that provide personal information manager functions and packet switched wireless data communications capabilities over wireless wide area networks such as cellular networks. These devices are now commonly referred to as smartphones.

Evidence: — • authority: 90

Analysis of Smart Phone Technology Using IBM SPSS statistics. Smart Phone Technology Internet browsing, software on smartphone apps, and mobile os there are advanced features including in turn, biometrics, video chat, digital assistants, and capabilities such as support for multiple smartphones offers.The smartphone is with an integrated computer a cellular phone with an operating system, web browsing, and the ability to operate software applications first phones like other unrelated features.Smartphones consumer and business context both can be used by individuals, and they are now every day are almost integral to modern life.Popular applications are multiple clients friends and family on…

Evidence: — • authority: 90

Intervention of Smartphone Addiction. Since IBM released the Simon Personal Communicator in 1992, smartphones have brought modernization, convenience, communication, and revolution to human society. The smartphone has become inextricable from human beings due to its fantastic features and marvelous functions. With innumerable benefits, people are addicted to smartphones without knowing it. Many researchers have examined smartphone addiction, specifically the definitions, symptoms, criteria, risk factors, and consequences of smartphone addiction in the past decades; however, the intervention strategies and the effects of intervention for smartphone addiction are scant. More research is neede…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Telescript is an agent-oriented programming language written by General Magic as part of the overall Magic Cap system. Telescript programs used a modified C-like syntax known as High Telescript and were compiled to a stack-based language called Low Telescript for execution. Low Telescript ran within virtual machine interpreters, or "Telescript engines", on host computers. The basic model of Telescript is similar to Java, and differs primarily in where the applications would run. Java was modelled to make it possible to download Java applications onto any platform and run them locally. Telescript essentially reversed this, allowing end-user equipment with limited capabilities to upload Teles…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

OS/2 (Operating System/2) is a discontinued proprietary computer operating system for x86 and PowerPC based personal computers created and initially developed jointly by IBM and Microsoft, under the leadership of IBM software designer Ed Iacobucci, intended as a replacement for DOS. The first version was released in 1987. A feud between the two companies beginning in 1990 led to Microsoft's leaving development solely to IBM, which continued development on its own. OS/2 Warp 4 in 1996 was the last major upgrade, after which IBM slowly halted the product as it failed to compete against Microsoft's Windows; updated versions of OS/2 were released by IBM until 2001. The name stands for Operating…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

General Magic was an American software and early smart phone electronics company co-founded by Bill Atkinson, Andy Hertzfeld, and Marc Porat. Based in Mountain View, California, the company developed precursors to USB, software modems, small touchscreens, touchscreen controller Integrated circuits, ASICs, multimedia email, networked games, streaming TV, and early e-commerce notions. The company's main product was Magic Cap, the operating system used in 1994 by Sony's Magic Link and the Motorola Envoy PDAs. It also introduced the programming language Telescript. After announcing it would cease operations in 2002, it was liquidated in 2004 with Paul Allen purchasing many of its patents.

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The Motorola Envoy Personal Wireless Communicator was a personal digital assistant initially slated for release by Motorola in summer 1994 but delayed and then available for public sale in February 1995. It was built to run General Magic's Magic Cap operating system, and it combined wireless, telephone, and infrared modems in a single PDA package. Andy Rubin led development of the Motorola Envoy. Personal digital assistants (PDAs) were electronic handheld organizers that were used in the 1990s to communicate via email, manage calendars, store contact information, and manage files. Examples of PDAs include the Newton MessagePad released by Apple Inc. in 1993 and the Palm Pilot released by Pa…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The Magic Link was a Personal Intelligent Communicator marketed by Sony from 1994, based on General Magic's Magic Cap operating system. The Magic Link PIC-1000 was brought to market by Jerry Fiala Sr at Sony. The "Link" part of the name refers to the device's ability to send and receive data over a modem. A competing product to the Magic Link was the Motorola Envoy. In 1995, the Magic Link won the PC World World Class Award. Magic Link PIC-2000 was released in 1996.

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Magic Cap (short for Magic Communicating Applications Platform) is a discontinued object-oriented operating system for PDAs developed by General Magic. Tony Fadell was a contributor to the platform, and Darin Adler was an architect. Its graphical user interface incorporates a room metaphor, where the user navigates between rooms to perform tasks, such as going to a home office to perform word processing, or to a file room to clean up the system files. Automation is based on mobile agents but not an office assistant. Several electronic companies came to market with Magic Cap devices, including the Sony Magic Link and the Motorola Envoy, both released in 1994. None of these devices were comme…