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rośliny-i-grzyby: Parrot

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Parrots are the only creatures that display true tripedalism, using their necks and beaks as limbs with propulsive forces equal to or greater than those forces generated by the forelimbs of primates when climbing vertical surfaces.

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Parrots (order Psittaciformes), also known as psittacines () from the name of the type genus Psittacus, are birds with a strong curved beak, upright stance, and clawed feet. They are classified in four families that contain roughly 410 species in 101 genera, found mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. The four families are the Psittaculidae (Old World parrots), Psittacidae (African and New World parrots), Cacatuidae (cockatoos), and Strigopidae (New Zealand parrots). One-third of all parrot species are threatened by extinction, with a higher aggregate extinction risk (IUCN Red List Index) than any other comparable bird group. Parrots have a generally pantropical distribution with several species inhabiting temperate regions as well. The greatest diversity of parrots is in South America and Australasia. Parrots, along with corvids (ravens, crows, jays, and magpies), are among the most intelligent birds, and the ability of some species to imitate human speech enhances their popularity as pets. They form the most variably sized bird order in terms of length; many are vividly coloured and some, multi-coloured. Most parrots exhibit little or no sexual dimorphism in the visual spectrum. The most important components of most parrots' diets are seeds, nuts, fruit, buds, and other plant material. A few species sometimes eat animals and carrion, while the lories and lorikeets are…

Kategoria: rośliny-i-grzyby

Rodzina: rośliny-i-grzyby

Jakość źródła: 65/100

Próby weryfikacji: 0

Notatka fact-checku: 4.2: source contradicts current claim; manual review required

ŹRÓDŁA I DOWODY

4 zapisanych źródeł

Europe PMCpomocniczeniezależne

Evidence: 82 • authority: 92

Overcoming a “forbidden phenotype”: The parrot’s head supports, propels, and powers tripedal locomotion. No vertebrate, living or extinct, is known to have possessed an odd number of limbs. Despite this “forbidden phenotype", gaits that utilize odd numbers of limbs (e.g., tripedalism or pentapedalism) have evolved in both avian and mammalian lineages. Tripedal locomotion is commonly employed by parrots during climbing, who utilize their beaks as an additional support. However, it is unclear whether the beak functions simply as a stabilizing hook, or as a propulsive limb. Here, we present data on kinetics of tripedal climbing in six rosy-faced lovebirds ( Agapornis rosiecollis ). Our finding…

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Europe PMC / Proceedings. Biological sciencespomocniczeniezależne

Evidence: 82 • authority: 92

Overcoming a 'forbidden phenotype': the parrot's head supports, propels and powers tripedal locomotion.. No vertebrate, living or extinct, is known to have possessed an odd number of limbs. Despite this 'forbidden phenotype', gaits that use odd numbers of limbs (e.g. tripedalism or pentapedalism) have evolved in both avian and mammalian lineages. Tripedal locomotion is commonly employed by parrots during climbing, who use their beaks as an additional support. However, it is unclear whether the beak functions simply as a stabilizing hook, or as a propulsive limb. Here, we present data on kinetics of tripedal climbing in six rosy-faced lovebirds ( Agapornis roseicollis ). Our findings demonst…

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Wikipedia ENpomocnicze

Evidence: 34 • authority: 72

Convergent evolution—the repeated evolution of similar traits in multiple lineages which all ancestrally lack the trait—is rife in nature, as illustrated by the examples below. The ultimate cause of convergence is usually a similar evolutionary biome, as similar environments will select for similar traits in any species occupying the same ecological niche, even if those species are only distantly related. In the case of cryptic species, it can create species which are only distinguishable by analysing their genetics. Distantly related organisms often develop analogous structures by adapting to similar environments.

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Wikipediapomocnicze

Evidence: — • authority: 65

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