Pies: Dogs can develop a fear of certain objects or situations if they have a negative experience with them

Evidence: 77 • authority: 72

A phobia is an anxiety disorder, defined by an irrational, unrealistic, persistent and excessive fear of an object or situation. Phobias typically result in a rapid onset of fear and are usually present for more than six months. Those affected go to great lengths to avoid the situation or object, to a degree greater than the actual danger posed. If the object or situation cannot be avoided, they experience significant distress. Other symptoms can include fainting, which may occur in blood or injury phobia, and panic attacks, often found in agoraphobia and emetophobia. Around 75% of those with phobias have multiple phobias. Phobias can be divided into specific phobias, social anxiety disorde…

Evidence: 60 • authority: 72

Fear is an emotional state which is aroused by threatening situations. It is usually considered to be a negative, unpleasant emotion. The feeling of fear can result directly from certain kinds of sensory stimulation, such as sounds which resemble screaming. Fear can also be evoked by the anticipation that undesirable events will, or may, occur, and is useful in providing motivation to avoid or mitigate risks. It may also be the result of imagining threats to oneself or others, whether or not those threats are real or possible. Fear is associated with a number of physiological states. In humans, fear is correlated with more rapid breathing and heart rate, dilation of the pupils, spikes in co…

Evidence: 52 • authority: 92

Exploring behavioral outcomes of gonadectomy in pets: a need for personalized approaches.. Gonadectomy, the surgical removal of reproductive organs-is commonly practiced in canine management and is often associated with responsible pet ownership. Although advised for preventing unwanted litter and specific health hazards, its effects on canine behavior remain contentious and little studied. This article analyzes the physiological and behavioral effects of gonadectomy in dogs, emphasizing other sexually dimorphic behaviors including mounting, wandering, and urine marking, alongside aggression, fear, anxiety, separation-related issues, and canine cognitive dysfunction. Gonadectomy impacts hor…

Evidence: 43 • authority: 80

Do dogs experience frustration? New contributions on successive negative contrast in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris)

Evidence: 43 • authority: 80

Human Perception of Fear in Dogs Varies According to Experience with Dogs

Evidence: 43 • authority: 92

Dog brain representations of human facial expressions: Encoding happiness and differentiating specific negative expressions.. Dogs can distinguish human facial expressions, particularly happiness, yet brain processes remain unclear. Using fMRI, we conducted two experiments in awake pet dogs. In Experiment 1 ( n = 8), happy faces elicited a stronger response than neutral faces in a right temporal cluster extending to the caudate nucleus, including the rostral Sylvian gyrus. In Experiment 2 ( n = 12), dogs viewed faces expressing happiness, anger, fear, or sadness. Using the Experiment 1 cluster as a region of interest, a machine-learning classifier distinguished happiness from each negative…

Evidence: 43 • authority: 72

The dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a domesticated descendant of wolves. Also called the domestic dog, it was selectively bred during the Late Pleistocene by hunter-gatherers. Dogs and the modern gray wolf share a common ancestor. Dogs were the first species to be domesticated over 14,000 years ago, before the development of agriculture, though genetic studies suggest the domestication process may have begun over 25,000 years ago. Due to their long association with humans, dogs have gained the ability to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canids. Dogs have been bred for specific behaviors, sensory abilities, and physical traits. Dog breeds va…

Evidence: 43 • authority: 72

An unidentified flying object (UFO) is an object or phenomenon seen in the sky but not yet identified or explained. The term was coined when United States Air Force (USAF) investigations into flying saucers found too broad a range of shapes reported to consider them all saucers or discs. UFOs are also known as unidentified aerial phenomena or unidentified anomalous phenomena (UAPs). Upon investigation, most UFOs are identified as known objects, natural phenomena, hoaxes, or mirages, while a small number remain unexplained. While unusual sightings in the sky have been reported since at least the 3rd century BC, UFOs became culturally prominent after World War II, escalating during the Space…

Evidence: 43 • authority: 80

Certain facial expressions innate, not visually learned: People can control expressions to mask negative emotions in social situations, says study of blind and sighted athletes

Evidence: 43 • authority: 80

Dogs understand that certain words stand for objects

Evidence: 43 • authority: 88

Inducing feelings of fear with virtual reality : the influence of multisensory stimulation on negative emotional experience. Induire un ressenti de peur avec la réalité virtuelle : étude de l'influence de stimuli multisensoriels sur l'expérience émotionnelle négative Dans l'environnement naturel, les signaux émotionnels sont transmis via différentes modalités sensorielles. Pourtant, l'effet d'évènements affectifs multisensoriels sur l'expérience émotionnelle consciente (le ressenti) reste relativement peu connu. Ce travail de recherche a exploité les avantages de la réalité virtuelle pour étudier le ressenti négatif induit par des évènements aversifs visuo-auditifs présentés dans un context…

Evidence: 43 • authority: 80

Fear of negative evaluation augments negative affect and somatic symptoms in social-evaluative situations