Ciekawostka: The odds of being born male are about 51

Evidence: 65 • authority: 92

Umbilical Cord Blood pH Level, Apgar Score, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.. Importance Perinatal hypoxia is an important cause of neurodevelopmental impairment and may thus be associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In population-based studies, hypoxia is often assessed by Apgar score alone; however, criteria for relevant perinatal hypoxia require both clinical and biochemical abnormalities (eg, a low Apgar score and a low umbilical cord blood pH level). Objectives To identify full-term and near-term newborns exposed to hypoxia by combining the Apgar score and the umbilical cord blood pH level and to investigate their association with ADHD. Design, se…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Russia has an estimated population of 146.0 million as of 1 January 2025, down from 147.2 million recorded in the 2021 census. It is the most populous country in Europe, and the ninth-most populous country in the world. Russia has a population density of 8.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (22 inhabitants/mi2), with its overall life expectancy being 73 years (68 years for males and 79 years for females) as of 2023. The total fertility rate across Russia was estimated to be 1.37 children born per woman as of 2025, which is in line with the European average but below the replacement rate of 2.1. By the end of 2024, the natural decline of the Russian population amounted to 596.2 thousand peop…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 92

Intergenerational Effects of Maternal Stressful Life Events Before Pregnancy on Offspring Growth: A Lifecourse Approach from a Prospective Cohort.. Background Guided by the lifecourse perspective and the developmental origins of health and disease paradigm, this study investigated the intergenerational impact of maternal preconception stressful life events (PSLEs) on offspring growth trajectories. Methods Data were drawn from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort, a nationally representative prospective cohort of approximately 8,500 mother-child pairs born in 2001 and followed through kindergarten entry. Maternal exposure to PSLEs (eg, bereavement, divorce, or fertility probl…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 92

Reduced prevalence of rhinitis and eczema but not wheezing in native-born children from cross-border marriages.. Background Gene-environment interactions may lead to varying predispositions to different allergies. Children from cross-border marriage families were predominantly born in Taiwan. This study aimed to compare allergic disease prevalence in children from families with foreign female spouses to those with Taiwanese female spouses and assess the association between female spouse origin and allergic diseases. Methods This population-based, cross-sectional survey on 3172 grade-one schoolchildren aged 6-8 in Taiwan used stratified cluster random sampling. We used logistic regression to…

Evidence: — • authority: 35