Pies: Puppies have 28 teeth and adult dogs have 42

Evidence: 71 • authority: 88

Lesions of the Enamel Organ of Developing Dog Teeth following Experimental Inoculation of Gnotobiotic Puppies with Canine Distemper Virus. Ten 7-day-old gnotobiotic Beagle puppies were inoculated intraperitoneally with virulent canine distemper virus (R252-CDV). The dogs were killed and perfused with paraformaldehyde/glutaraldehyde from eight to 36 days after inoculation. The developing teeth of the mandibles were examined by light microscopy, and the teeth from three dogs were examined by electron microscopy. Necrosis of individual cells in the stratum intermedium of the developing tooth was the first change, detectable at day 9 post-inoculation. At day 16 post-inoculation, there was disor…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 88

Outcome of Surgical Extraction of Linguoverted Deciduous Mandibular Canine Teeth, Performed as an Interceptive Orthodontic Procedure in Puppies, on Permanent Occlusion. Linguoversion of deciduous mandibular canine teeth can be a painful condition, interferes with the development and growth of the jaws, and potentially leads to further malocclusions affecting permanent dentition. Extraction of linguoverted deciduous mandibular canines is considered an interceptive orthodontic procedure that would allow unimpeded development of the jaws and permanent teeth. This study assessed clinical records of 124 dogs that had linguoverted deciduous mandibular canine teeth surgically extracted between Oct…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 92

Yorkshire Terriers under primary veterinary care in the UK - demography and disorders.. Background The Yorkshire Terrier is a long-established and commonly owned dog breed. This study aimed to explore anonymised primary-care veterinary clinical data from the VetCompass Programme to characterise the demography, common disorders and longevity of the general population of Yorkshire Terriers in the UK in 2016. Results Yorkshire Terriers composed 28,032 (3.10%) of the study population of 905,542 dogs under veterinary care in 2016. Annual proportional birth rates decreased in popularity between 2005 and 2016, from 3.54% of all dogs born in 2005 to 2.15% in 2016. The median adult bodyweight was 5.…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 92

Periostitis Ossificans in a Litter of Belgian Malinois Puppies.. Periostitis ossificans (PO) is a subtype of chronic osteomyelitis characterized by subperiosteal bone formation as a reaction to mild infection or irritation. In the veterinary medicine literature, it has been described in large breed dogs, aged 3 to 5 months, and was postulated to be caused by mild inflammation related to tooth eruption. This report describes 3 Belgian Malinois puppies from the same litter diagnosed with PO at 3 months of age. The puppies presented with non-painful distal mandibular swellings. Diagnostic procedures included intraoral dental radiographs, a computed tomography scan of the head, and bone biopsie…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 92

Neonatal Clinical Assessment of the Puppy and Kitten: How to Identify Newborns at Risk?. Neonatal puppies and kittens have physiological and anatomical characteristics that differ from those of adult animals, which impacts the interpretation of physical examination and complementary tests. The veterinarian must be familiar with the clinical, laboratory, and imaging aspects observed in neonates. It is necessary to thoroughly evaluate the litter and the mother to notice the most subtle signs of illness and advise the owner to constantly monitor the newborns, quickly sending them to specialized care. This review describes how to perform clinical assessments of newborns systematically and recog…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 80

Evaluation of pulpal response to Endosequence root repair versus Biodentine after pulpotomy in primary teeth of puppies

Evidence: 41 • authority: 92

Object-directed behaviors and human-directed sociability are linked in free-ranging dog puppies.. Most behavioral studies in dogs have investigated sociability and exploration of novelty as separate traits, often using different test settings and behavioral measures. However, this approach does not allow to assess whether these traits may instead reflect a shared underlying mechanism, such as a general tendency to approach novel stimuli, regardless of their social nature. In this study, we exposed pre-weaned free-ranging dog puppies to an unfamiliar human and a novel object. Free-ranging dog puppies were chosen to minimize the effect of experience and breed-selection biases. At 3 weeks of a…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 92

Linking Canine Teeth Eruption, Testicular Histology and Testosterone Levels as Indicators of Pubertal Maturation in Male Dogs.. Puberty in male dogs marks the transition to sexual maturity, characterised by rising testosterone and testicular maturation. While often estimated at 6 months, the absence of birth records frequently complicates age determination. This study evaluated whether permanent canine tooth eruption serves as a reliable, complementary marker for pubertal status alongside chronological age by correlating it with serum testosterone and testicular histology. A sample of 23 male dogs presented for routine gonadectomy were categorised as prepubertal ( 6-month group, they demons…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 72

Cruella de Vil is a fictional character in the English author Dodie Smith's 1956 novel The Hundred and One Dalmatians. A pampered and glamorous London heiress and fashion designer, she appears in Walt Disney Productions' animated feature film One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961), voiced by Betty Lou Gerson; in Disney's animated sequel 101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure (2003), voiced by Susanne Blakeslee; in Disney's live-action films 101 Dalmatians (1996) and 102 Dalmatians (2000), portrayed by Glenn Close; as well as Cruella (2021), portrayed by Emma Stone; and in many other Disney media. In most of her incarnations, Cruella kidnaps the 15 puppies of the main Dalmatian character…

Evidence: — • authority: 38