codzienność: Microwave oven

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

A microwave oven, or simply microwave, is an electric oven that heats and cooks food by exposing it to electromagnetic radiation in the microwave frequency range. This induces polar molecules in the food to rotate and produce thermal energy (heat) in a process known as dielectric heating. Microwave ovens heat food quickly and efficiently; the heating effect is fairly uniform in the outer 25–38 mm (1–1.5 inches) of a homogeneous, high-water-content food item. The development of the cavity magnetron in the United Kingdom made possible the production of electromagnetic waves of a small enough wavelength (microwaves) to efficiently heat up water molecules. American electrical engineer Percy Spe…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Percy LaBaron Spencer (July 19, 1894, Howland, Maine, U.S – September 8, 1970, Newton, Massachusetts, U.S.) was an American physicist, electrical engineer, and inventor of the microwave oven. As a boy he was twice orphaned and began work at a young age, never finishing grammar school. During the night shift, he taught himself topics such as calculus, trigonometry, physics, and chemistry, establishing a lifelong habit of self-education or "solving my own situation" as he called it. Spencer led the power tube division at Raytheon during World War II that expanded massively and continued at the company as an executive and senior member of the board. Even among physicists and top researchers, h…

Evidence: — • authority: 90

Microwaves Are Everywhere: “Ovens: From Magnetrons to Metamaterials”. This article is the second in a continuing series of general interest papers on the applications of microwaves in areas of science and technology that might not be appreciated by the traditional engineer. What more appropriate application could there be than the first wide-spread commercial use of microwaves for food preparation. The development, use, and evolution (or lack of) of the microwave oven is the subject of this month's “Microwaves Are Everywhere.”. Source: IEEE Journal of Microwaves. Year: 2021

Evidence: — • authority: 90

Surfing the microwave oven learning curve. The microwave oven has penetrated into many kitchens throughout the world and has substituted old polluting forms of cooking with new cleaner ways. Its exponential market uptake in the residential sector has been realized thanks to substantial cost reductions during its deployment phase, which started more than 70 years ago. Today, the annual production capacity reaches almost 100 million units per year. The cumulative number of microwave ovens produced since their commercial launch in 1947 surpasses 1.7 billion units to date. We express the observed price reduction during the expansion of the microwave oven market by a learning curve, which reveal…

Evidence: — • authority: 90

Microwave Inactivation of Pathogens. The application of microwave energy to heat foods was patented in 1945 by Percy Spencer of Raytheon Corporation as an offshoot of radar technology developed during World War II. Microwave energy is more efficient and rapid than conventional heating, allowing food to be heated in as little as one quarter of the normal time. There are additional commercial applications of microwave heating other than cooking and reheating operations typically in use by consumers. The intensity of a microwave radiation field is expressed in watts or kilowatts, which are transmitted through a unit cross section of space. Milk has frequently been implicated in the transmissio…

Evidence: — • authority: 90

Past Forward. In 1947, an employee at Raytheon coined the name Radarange for the company’s new commercial product: an oven that cooked food using microwaves. Intended for restaurants, the oven was about the size of a refrigerator. It would take a while for the idea of cooking with electromagnetic waves to catch on. In 1965, Raytheon acquired Amana Corp., a manufacturer of home appliances, to develop a compact version for the modern home kitchen. Two years later, the Radarange hit the market at US $495 (about $4,400 today)—definitely a higher-end appliance. By 1975, prices had come down, and U.S. sales of microwave ovens were outpacing those of conventional gas ovens, as consumers finally be…

Evidence: — • authority: 90

Packaging of Microwavable Foods. The magnetron was taken to the United States in September 1940, and Percy LeBaron Spencer at the Raytheon Manufacturing Company received a contract to manufacture copies of it for use in radar by the Allies in World War II. While he was working close to a magnetron, a peanut bar melted in his pocket and this provided the inspiration to use microwaves to heat foods. Spencer then popped some corn in front of a waveguide horn, and the concept of using microwaves for heating foods was proven. He led a patent application in 1945 which was issued in 1950 (Spencer, 1950). In 1947, he led another application that was issued in 1949 (Spencer, 1949), which showed a po…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The microwave as a cooking tool was discovered by Percy Spencer in 1946, and with help from engineers, the microwave oven was patented . The microwave oven

Evidence: — • authority: 72

U.S. patent 2495429A "The Microwave Oven : Percy Spencer ". "Gramps - How an orphan from Maine became the Edison of the modern age" by Rod Spencer Inventor's

Evidence: — • authority: 72

the microwave oven in 1947, and introduced the commercial Radarange Model 1611 in 1954. In 1967, Amana introduced a consumer model of the Radarange , the

Evidence: — • authority: 72

( microwaves ) to efficiently heat up water molecules. American electrical engineer Percy Spencer is generally credited with developing and patenting the