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Some animals are able to detect electrical and magnetic fields, air moisture, or polarized light, while others sense and perceive through alternative systems, such as echolocation.
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A sense is a biological system used by an organism for sensation, the process of gathering information about the surroundings through the detection of stimuli. During sensation, sense organs collect various stimuli (such as a sound or smell) for transduction, meaning transformation into a form that can be understood by the brain. Sensation and perception are fundamental to nearly every aspect of an organism's cognition, behavior and thought. Although, in some cultures, five human senses were traditionally identified as such (namely sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing), many more are now recognized. Senses used by non-human organisms are even greater in variety and number. In organisms, a sensory organ consists of a group of interrelated sensory cells that respond to a specific type of physical stimulus. Via cranial and spinal nerves (nerves of the central and peripheral nervous systems that relay sensory information to and from the brain and body), the different types of sensory receptor cells (such as mechanoreceptors, photoreceptors, chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors) in sensory organs transduct sensory information from these organs towards the central nervous system, finally arriving at the sensory cortices in the brain, where sensory signals are processed and interpreted (perceived). Sensory systems, or senses, are often divided into external (exteroception) and internal…
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Jakość źródła: 65/100
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Notatka fact-checku: Fact-check 3.0-content-aware: no sufficient claim-bound corroboration after 3 healthy attempts. Scope=verify the factual claim. Required independent sources=2; stored evidence groups=0. Provider/API errors did not consume attempts. | Fact-check 4.3.2: research wznowiony bez zdejmowania HOLD. Poprzednia metoda: factcheck-300-content-aware. | Fact-check 4.3.2: research wznowiony bez zdejmowania HOLD. Poprzednia metoda: factcheck-weekly-research-432.

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Demining or mine clearance is the process of removing land mines from an area. In military operations, the object is to rapidly clear a path through a minefield, and this is often done with devices such as mine plows and blast waves. By contrast, the goal of humanitarian demining is to remove all of the landmines to a given depth and make the land safe for human use. Specially trained dogs are also used to narrow down the search and verify that an area is cleared. Mechanical devices such as flails and excavators are sometimes used to clear mines. A great variety of methods for detecting landmines have been studied. These include electromagnetic methods, one of which (ground penetrating rada…

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Soft Robots Powered by Sustainable Energy.. Soft robots powered by sustainable energy abundantly available on Earth, such as heat, humidity, sunlight, osmotic potential, pH variation, triboelectricity, and wind, represent a promising shift toward eco-friendly and autonomous robotic systems. Efficiency depends on selecting and engineering responsive materials that directly transform environmental stimuli into mechanical actuation and motion, or harvest and store environmental energy to power actuators. Thermo-responsive materials undergo shape changes with temperature variations, while hygroscopic materials leverage moisture adsorption to induce actuation. Photothermal materials convert sunl…

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Wikipedia ENpomocnicze

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A sense is a biological system used by an organism for sensation, the process of gathering information about the surroundings through the detection of stimuli. During sensation, sense organs collect various stimuli (such as a sound or smell) for transduction, meaning transformation into a form that can be understood by the brain. Sensation and perception are fundamental to nearly every aspect of an organism's cognition, behavior and thought. Although, in some cultures, five human senses were traditionally identified as such (namely sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing), many more are now recognized. Senses used by non-human organisms are even greater in variety and number. In organisms,…

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Fungal Frontiers in (Bio)sensing.. Filamentous fungi are increasingly recognized as versatile biological platforms for the development of advanced (bio)sensing technologies, owing to their extensive secretory capacity, material-forming ability, and intrinsic bioelectrical activity. This review critically surveys recent progress in fungal-based sensing within a multiscale framework spanning molecular, material, computational, and ecological domains, with particular emphasis on developments reported over the past five years. Key advances involving secretome-derived biomolecules, mycogenic nanomaterials, mycelium-based living materials, and fungal electrophysiology are discussed alongside emer…

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The Applications of Machine Learning in Micro-Nano Materials Research: From High-Throughput Screening to Intelligent Design.. Machine learning exhibits significant potential in the research of micro‑nano materials, particularly in accelerating material design and performance optimization through precise structure-property prediction. It is capable of precisely predicting the structure and properties of micro‑nano materials, thereby enabling rational material discovery and minimizing the requirement for time‑consuming and labor‑intensive experiments and iterative trial‑and‑error processes. Micro‑nano materials, including MOFs, two‑dimensional materials, and nanoparticles, possess extremely h…

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