zwierzęta: Non-rapid eye movement sleep

Evidence: 53 • authority: 72

Sleep paralysis is a state, during waking up or falling asleep, in which a person is conscious but in a complete state of paralysis. During an episode, the person may hallucinate (hear, feel, or see things that are not there), which often results in fear. Episodes generally last no more than a few minutes. It can recur multiple times or occur as a single episode. This condition may occur in those who are otherwise healthy or those with narcolepsy, or it may run in families as a result of specific genetic changes. The condition can be triggered by sleep deprivation, psychological stress, or abnormal sleep cycles. The underlying mechanism is believed to involve a dysfunction in REM sleep. Dia…

Evidence: 47 • authority: 92

When the Sleeper Becomes the Photographer: Recurrent Smartphone Photography During NREM Parasomnia-A Case Report.. Disorders of arousal from non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep are characterized by complex behaviors arising from incomplete awakenings. These behaviors can occasionally involve sophisticated motor actions and interactions with the environment. We report an apparently previously unreported case of a patient who repeatedly took photographs with a smartphone during somnambulistic episodes. A woman with lifelong NREM parasomnia presented with frequent sleepwalking episodes that worsened after the onset of irregular shift work. During clinical evaluation, she reported that she occa…

Evidence: 47 • authority: 72

Somniloquy, commonly referred to as sleep-talking, is a parasomnia in which one speaks aloud while asleep. It can range from simple mumbling sounds to loud shouts or long, frequently inarticulate speeches. It can occur many times during a sleep cycle and during both NREM and REM sleep stages, though, as with sleepwalking and night terrors, it most commonly occurs during delta-wave NREM sleep or temporary arousals therefrom. When somniloquy occurs during rapid eye movement sleep, it represents a so-called "motor breakthrough" of dream speech: words spoken in a dream are spoken out loud. Depending on its frequency, this may or may not be considered pathological. All motor functions are disabl…

Evidence: 47 • authority: 72

Sexsomnia, also known as sleep sex, is a distinct form of parasomnia, or an abnormal activity that occurs while an individual is asleep. Sexsomnia is characterized by an individual engaging in sexual acts while in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Sexual behaviors that result from sexsomnia are not to be mistaken with normal nocturnal sexual behaviors, which do not occur during NREM sleep. Sexual behaviors that are viewed as normal during sleep and are accompanied by extensive research and documentation include nocturnal emissions, nocturnal erections, and sleep orgasms. Sexsomnia can present in an individual with other pre-existing sleep-related disorders. Sexsomnia is most often diagno…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 92

Exploring the bidirectional relationship between disorders of arousal and stress. An observational epidemiological study in a large population of university students.. Introduction Disorders of Arousal (DoA) are NREM parasomnias, encompassing three main clinical manifestations: sleepwalking (SW), confusional arousals (CA), and sleep terrors (ST). Clinical evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between stress and DoA, wherein stress exacerbates DoA episodes, and the episodes themselves may contribute to psychological stress, impacting quality of life. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of SW, ST and CA and their relationship with subjective perception of distress wit…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 92

Management of Non-REM parasomnias: A systematic review of evidence-based treatment approaches.. Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) parasomnias are sleep disorders characterized by abnormal, involuntary behaviours during partial arousals from slow-wave sleep. NREM parasomnias are common in childhood and usually remit, but a subset persist into or first emerge in adulthood, where they may cause significant morbidity. Evidence to guide treatment is limited, and no formal treatment guidelines exist. This review summarises evidence for behavioural, psychological, and pharmacological interventions. Ovid (Embase), the Cochrane Library, and PubMed were searched for English-language reports on the treatm…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 72

Sleepwalking, also known as somnambulism or noctambulism, is a phenomenon of combined sleep and wakefulness. It is classified as a sleep disorder belonging to the parasomnia family. It can also be understood as a disorder of state dissociation, which features of wakefulness and deep non-REM sleep occurring simultaneously in different brain regions. It occurs during the slow wave stage of sleep, in a state of low consciousness, with performance of activities that are usually performed during a state of full consciousness. These activities can be as benign as talking, sitting up in bed, walking to a bathroom, consuming food, and cleaning, or as hazardous as cooking, driving a motor vehicle, v…

Evidence: 36 • authority: 80

Evidence: 36 • authority: 92

Non-rapid eye movement parasomnias and sleep quality among medical students: Implications for academic performance: A cross-sectional survey.. Background Parasomnias are disruptive motor episodes during sleep transitions, classified into rapid eye movement (REM) and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) types. NREM parasomnias (arousal disorders) include confusional arousals, sleepwalking, and sleep terrors. Despite their potential effect on mental health, limited research exists among university students. Objectives This study aims to ascertain the frequency of arousal disorders, their association with sleep quality, and their impact on the academic performance of university students. Methods A qu…

Evidence: 36 • authority: 72

A sleep disorder, or somnipathy, is a medical disorder that disrupts an individual's sleep patterns and quality. This can cause serious health issues and affect physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Polysomnography and actigraphy are tests commonly ordered for diagnosing sleep disorders. Sleep disorders are classified by the International Classification of Sleep Disorders into insomnia disorders, sleep-related breathing disorders (such as obstructive sleep apnea), central disorders of hypersomnolence (such as narcolepsy), circadian rhythm sleep disorders, parasomnias, and sleep-related movement disorders. When a person struggles to fall or stay asleep without an obvious cause, it is r…

Evidence: 36 • authority: 92

Sleep whistling and replaying a melody during N3 sleep: a new form of disorder of arousal.. Vocalizations are common during arousal disorders, but producing a recognizable whistled melody has not been described. A 30-year-old man with a history of childhood sleepwalking, occasional sleep talking and confusional arousals exhibited an unusual musical behavior during a spontaneous slow-wave arousal from N3 sleep. This behavior consisted of rhythmic upper-body movements that kept time with the whistling of the recognizable melody "Take Me Home, Country Roads." He had complete amnesia for the event but later recognized the melody as one he had recently learned. This observation expands the behav…

Evidence: — • authority: 65