Ciekawostka: About 14% of injecting drug users are HIV positive

Evidence: 67 • authority: 72

In Western Europe, the routes of transmission of HIV are diverse, including paid sex, sex between men, intravenous drugs, mother to child transmission, and heterosexual sex. However, many new infections in this region occur through contact with HIV-infected individuals from other regions. In some areas of Europe, such as the Baltic countries, the most common route of HIV transmission is through injecting drug use and heterosexual sex, including paid sex. The adult (15–49) prevalence in Europe in 2018 varied from a high of 1.20% in Russia to a low of 0.1% in eleven countries. Due to the availability of antiretroviral therapy, deaths from AIDS have stayed low since the introduction of proteas…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 80

Context of HIV Risk Behavior Among Female Injecting Drug Users and Female Sexual Partners of Injecting Drug Users

Evidence: 45 • authority: 80

The Structure of Stable Seroprevalence HIV-1 Epidemics among Injecting Drug Users

Evidence: 45 • authority: 80

Prevalence of injecting drug use provides the context for epidemiology of HIV among injecting drug users

Evidence: 45 • authority: 80

Cities Responding to HIV-1 Epidemics among Injecting Drug Users

Evidence: 45 • authority: 80

Preventing Epidemics of HIV-1 among Injecting Drug Users

Evidence: 45 • authority: 92

Opposite Directions: A Decade of Contrasting HIV and HCV Dynamics Among Injecting Drug Users in Mozambique. People who inject drugs (PWID) experience a high burden of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection due to unsafe injection practices and limited access to harm-reduction services. In Mozambique, data on PWID remain limited. This study analyzed two rounds of biobehavioral surveys conducted in 2014 and 2023 in Maputo and Nampula to assess trends in HIV and HCV prevalence and to identify associated behavioral and structural factors. We compared unweighted prevalence estimates using descriptive analysis and applied multivariable logistic regression to examine independent associations wi…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 92

High prevalence of seronegative occult hepatitis C in high-risk individuals.. Background and objectives Routine screening for occult hepatitis C virus (OHCV) is not a standard procedure in medical laboratories, which has resulted in an increased incidence of OHCV among high-risk groups and the general population. The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of (OHCV) in Iranian injecting drug users (IDUs). Materials and methods To determine chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) and OHCV, plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) were collected from 103 (96 (93.2%) males, 7 (6.79%) females) IDUs. Their plasma was tested for Anti-HCV (ELISA). Following RNA extr…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 92

Antiretroviral therapy use and CD4 cell count among people who inject drugs living with HIV in southern Vietnam.. Objectives People who inject drugs (PWID) are central to the HIV epidemic in Vietnam, many delay HIV testing and antiretroviral therapy (ART) until advanced disease. We assessed prevalence and correlates of ART use and low CD4 counts among PWID with HIV. Setting Analysis of the 2013 Integrated Behavioral and Biologic Survey in Vietnam. Methods Eligible participants were men aged ≥ 18 years who reported recent injecting, were HIV positive, and consented to future viral load (VL) and CD4 testing. Undetectable VL was defined as Results Of 287 PWID, 55% knew their status. Among thes…

Evidence: 33 • authority: 92

Prevalence and factors associated with illicit non-injecting drug use among individuals at high risk of HIV infection in rural southwestern Uganda. Abstract Background Illicit drug use is an emerging public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa and may exacerbate vulnerability to HIV infection, particularly in HIV high-risk population. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of illicit drug use and its associated factors among adults at high risk of HIV acquisition in rural southwestern Uganda to inform targeted prevention strategies. Methods We analysed baseline data from 940 adults aged 18–45 years at high risk of HIV infection who were enrolled in a longitudinal HIV vaccine preparedn…

Evidence: 33 • authority: 72

The drug policy of Portugal, informally called the drug strategy, was put in place in 2000, and came into effect in July 2001. Created by the Decree-Law n. 130 -A/2001 and under the jurisdiction of the Commissions for the Dissuasion of Drug Addiction, its purpose was to reduce the number of new HIV/AIDS cases in the country, as it was estimated around half of new cases came from injection drug use. This new approach focused on public health as opposed to public-order priorities by decriminalizing public and private use and possession of all drugs. Under this new policy when the police encounter individuals using or in possession of drugs, the substance is confiscated and the individual is r…

Evidence: — • authority: 35