rekordowe-miejsca: Pacific Ocean

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It stretches from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean, or, depending on the definition, to Antarctica in the south, and is bounded by the continents of Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east. At 165,250,000 square kilometers (63,800,000 square miles) in area (as defined with a southern Antarctic border), the Pacific Ocean is the largest division of the World Ocean and the hydrosphere and covers approximately 46% of Earth's water surface and about 32% of the planet's total surface area, larger than its entire land area combined (148,940,000 square kilometers or 57,510,000 squa…

Evidence: 80 • authority: 72

The hadal zone, also known as the hadopelagic zone or hadalpelagic zone, is the deepest region of the ocean, lying within oceanic trenches. The hadal zone ranges from around 6 to 11 km (3.7 to 6.8 mi; 20,000 to 36,000 ft) below sea level, and exists in long, narrow, topographic V-shaped depressions. The total area is taken up by the 46 individual hadal habitats worldwide is less than 0.25% of the world's seafloor, yet trenches account for over 40% of the ocean's depth range. Most hadal habitats are found in the Pacific Ocean, the largest and deepest of the conventional oceanic divisions.

Evidence: 69 • authority: 72

The Mariana Trench is the deepest oceanic trench on Earth, located in the western Pacific Ocean, about 200 kilometers (124 mi) east of the Mariana Islands. It is crescent-shaped and measures about 2,550 km (1,580 mi) in length and 69 km (43 mi) in width. The maximum known depth is 10,935 ± 6 meters (35,876 ± 20 ft; 5,979.3 ± 3.3 fathoms; 6.7947 ± 0.0037 mi) at the southern end of a small slot-shaped valley in its floor known as the Challenger Deep. This makes the deepest point of the trench more than 2 km (1.2 mi) farther from sea level than the peak of Mount Everest. At the bottom of the trench the water column above exerts a pressure of 1,086 bar (15,750 psi), approximately 1,071.8 times…

Evidence: 58 • authority: 80

Earth’s largest volcano found in Pacific Ocean

Evidence: 49 • authority: 88

The empirical age‐depth relation and depth anomalies in the Pacific Ocean Basin. This paper presents a new age‐depth relation and a comprehensive depth anomaly map for the Pacific Ocean. Age, depth, and sediment thickness were averaged for each 1°×1° area. Bathymetry was corrected for isostatic effects due to sediment and water load and for the variation of sound velocity in water. Seafloor existing at extreme distance from hot spot tracks is found to be anomalously deep. Hot spots were treated as thermal anomalies, and data within 800 km of them were eliminated from further analysis. An age‐depth equation was determined by fitting a least squares line to the remaining data. The resulting d…

Evidence: 49 • authority: 72

The Kola Superdeep Borehole SG-3 (Russian: Кольская сверхглубокая скважина СГ-3, romanized: Kol'skaya sverkhglubokaya skvazhina SG-3) has been the deepest human-made hole on Earth since 1979, attaining a maximum true vertical depth of 12,262 metres (40,230 ft) in 1989. It is the result of a scientific drilling effort to penetrate as deeply as possible into the Earth's crust conducted by the Soviet Union in the Pechengsky District of the Kola Peninsula, near the Russian border with Norway. SG (СГ) is a Russian designation for a set of superdeep (Russian: сверхглубокая) boreholes conceived as part of a Soviet scientific research programme in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. Aralsor SG-1 (in the P…

Evidence: 49 • authority: 72

The Pacific sleeper shark (Somniosus pacificus) is a shark of the family Somniosidae, the sleeper sharks. While primarily associated with temperate and subarctic waters of the Northern Pacific Ocean, it has been documented in the tropical Pacific and Antarctic Ocean as well. Reaching lengths of 4.65 m (15.3 ft), it is one of the world's largest predatory sharks. It is highly adapted to the extreme temperature and pressures of the deep-sea, including specialized liver oils and high concentrations of urea and trimethylamine oxide for survival. The sleeper shark has a sluggish reputation, but is also a versatile hunter and scavenger that migrates vertically. Due to its slow growth and vulnerab…

Evidence: 49 • authority: 92

Biodiversity of the abyssal and hadal zone in the Nova Canton Trough (Central Pacific Ocean; 2751-7989 m): a visual inventory.. Comprehensive biodiversity inventories of abyssal and hadal ecosystems remain rare due to the financial and logistical challenges associated with operating in the deepest parts of the ocean. However, deep-sea exploration programmes are increasingly generating extensive video datasets offering new opportunities to document biodiversity across broad depth ranges. Here, we present the most extensive visual biodiversity inventory assembled from an abyssal-hadal system to date, using imagery collected in the Nova Canton Trough (Central Pacific Ocean), combining observat…

Evidence: 49 • authority: 92

Full-ocean-depth EM124 mapping of the Challenger Deep by R/V Hakuho-maru and depth-estimate sensitivity tests.. The Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the deepest known point on Earth, yet recent depth estimates still differ by several meters because of environmental and instrumental uncertainties. Here we present a new full-ocean-depth multibeam bathymetric dataset collected with a Kongsberg EM124 echosounder aboard R/V Hakuho-maru during the KH-23-9 cruise in 2023. The survey comprises east-west and north-south lines acquired at vessel speeds of 4-15 kt. Five seawater sound velocity models were constructed from contemporaneous XCTD data, historical full-depth CTD data, and a recent…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Ocean heat content (OHC) or ocean heat uptake (OHU) is the energy absorbed and stored by oceans. It is an important indicator of global warming. Ocean heat content is calculated by measuring ocean temperature at many different locations and depths, and integrating the areal density of a change in enthalpic energy over an ocean basin or entire ocean. Between 1971 and 2018, a steady upward trend in ocean heat content accounted for over 90% of Earth's excess energy from global warming. Scientists estimate a 1961–2022 warming trend of 0.43 ± 0.08 W/m², accelerating at about 0.15 ± 0.04 W/m² per decade. By 2020, about one third of the added energy had propagated to depths below 700 meters. The f…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five oceanic divisions. It spans an area of approximately 14,060,000 km2 (5,430,000 sq mi) and is the coldest of the world's oceans. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognizes it as an ocean, although some oceanographers call it the Arctic Mediterranean Sea or North Polar Sea. It has also been described as being approximately equivalent to an estuary of the Atlantic Ocean. It is also seen as the northernmost part of the all-encompassing world ocean. The Arctic Ocean includes the North Pole region in the middle of the Northern Hemisphere and extends south to about 60°N. The Arctic Ocean is surrounded by Eurasia…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The borders of the oceans are the limits of Earth's oceanic waters. The definition and number of oceans can vary depending on the adopted criteria. The principal divisions (in descending order of area) of the five oceans are the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern (Antarctic) Ocean, and Arctic Ocean. Smaller regions of the oceans are called seas, gulfs, bays, straits, and other terms. Geologically, an ocean is an area of oceanic crust covered by water. See also: List of seas on Earth for the seas included in each oceanic area.