rekordowe-miejsca: Prehistoric Egypt

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Prehistoric Egypt and Predynastic Egypt was the period of time starting at the first human occupation of the region and ending at the First Dynasty of Egypt around 3100 BC. At the end of prehistory, "Predynastic Egypt" is traditionally defined as the period from the final part of the Neolithic period beginning c. 6210 BC to the end of the Naqada III period c. 3000 BC. The dates of the Predynastic period were first defined before widespread archaeological excavation of Egypt took place, and recent finds indicating a gradual Predynastic development have led to controversy over when exactly the Predynastic period ended. Thus, various terms such as "Protodynastic period", "Zero Dynasty" or "Dyn…

Evidence: 36 • authority: 72

Ancient Egypt was a cradle of civilization concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in the eastern part of North Africa. It emerged from prehistoric Egypt around 3150 BC (according to conventional Egyptian chronology), when Upper and Lower Egypt were united by Menes, who is believed by the majority of Egyptologists to have been the same person as Narmer. The history of ancient Egypt unfolded as a series of stable kingdoms interspersed by the "Intermediate Periods" of relative instability. These stable kingdoms existed in one of three periods: the Old Kingdom of the Early Bronze Age; the Middle Kingdom of the Middle Bronze Age; or the New Kingdom of the Late Bronze Age. The pin…

Evidence: 36 • authority: 72

The categorization of the past into discrete, quantified named blocks of time is called periodization. This is a list of such named time periods as defined in various fields of study. These can be divided broadly into prehistoric periods or archaeological periods for the time before the development of writing, and historical periods, starting when written records began to be kept. The existence of written sources, however, doesn't at all exclude differences in periodization between archaeology and history. In archaeology and anthropology, prehistory is subdivided into the three-age system. This list includes the use of the three-age system as well as a number of various designations used in…

Evidence: 21 • authority: 72

Ancient Egyptian art refers to art produced in ancient Egypt between the 6th millennium BC and the 4th century AD, spanning from Prehistoric Egypt until the Christianization of Roman Egypt. It includes paintings, sculptures, drawings on papyrus, faience, jewelry, ivories, architecture, and other art media. It was a conservative tradition whose style changed very little over time. Much of the surviving examples comes from tombs and monuments, giving insight into the ancient Egyptian afterlife beliefs like the Egyptian mummies. The ancient Egyptian language had no word for "art". Artworks served an essentially functional purpose that was bound with religion and ideology. To render a subject i…

Evidence: 21 • authority: 72

Ancient Egypt spans the period of Egyptian history from the early prehistoric settlements of the northern Nile valley to the Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 BC. The pharaonic period, the period in which Egypt was ruled by a pharaoh, is dated from the 32nd century BC, when Upper and Lower Egypt were unified, until the country fell under Macedonian rule in 332 BC.

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Royal Festivals in the Late Predynastic Period and the First Dynasty

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Memphis (Egyptian Arabic: منف, romanized: Manf, pronounced [mænf]; Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲉⲙϥⲓ; Greek: Μέμφις), or Men-nefer, was the ancient capital of Inebu-hedj, the first nome of Lower Egypt that was known as mḥw ("North"). Its ruins are located in the vicinity of the present-day village of Mit Rahina (Arabic: ميت رهينة), in Badrashin markaz (county), Giza Governorate, Egypt. Along with the pyramid fields that stretch across a desert plateau for more than 30 kilometres (19 mi) on its west, including the famous Pyramids of Giza, Memphis and its necropolis have been listed as a World Heritage Site. The site is open to the public as an open-air museum. According to legends related in the early…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Mummified baboons reveal the far reach of early Egyptian mariners.. The Red Sea was witness to important events during human history, including the first long steps in a trade network (the spice route) that would drive maritime technology and shape geopolitical fortunes for thousands of years. Punt was a pivotal early node in the rise of this enterprise, serving as an important emporium for luxury goods, including sacred baboons ( Papio hamadryas ), but its location is disputed. Here, we use geospatial variation in the oxygen and strontium isotope ratios of 155 baboons from 77 locations to estimate the geoprovenance of mummified baboons recovered from ancient Egyptian temples and tombs. Fiv…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Oscillating diachronic mobility patterns in prehistoric Eastern Sudan revealed by <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr isotope analysis.. During the Holocene, Eastern Sudan functioned as a cultural and ecological crossroads throughout northeastern Africa. However, despite its significance, the region has remained largely unexplored in terms of human mobility studies through isotope analyses. This research addresses this gap by analysing ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios in human and faunal remains from three key archaeological sites – Upper Atbara 50 (UA50), Upper Atbara 53 (UA53), and Mahal Teglinos (K1). Spanning five cultural phases and over four millennia – UA50, Malawiya Group (secon…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Unveiling hidden prehistoric structure via high-resolution GPR survey at Hierakonpolis, Aswan, Egypt.. Hierakonpolis was a major population and political center in Upper Egypt during the Predynastic era (c. 3800-3100 BC). Its ancient remains are preserved mainly as negative archeological features (i.e., structural cuts that disrupt the natural soil), such as postholes and foundation trenches for buildings of wood. One of these constructions is a large palisade wall, of which over 50 m of its length has been uncovered by archaeologists. To trace the buried continuation of this structure without excavation, researchers conducted a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) survey using a high-frequency (…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Ancient Egyptian stone vessel production was one of the most prolific and long-lived industries in the Mediterranean. Such vessels were an important status indicator, and commonly used to hold liquids or cosmetics, for ritual and display purposes, and as canopic jars. The earliest stone vessels in Egypt date as far back as the Late Neolithic (c. 5100 – c. 4700 BC). From the Predynastic Period (c. 4000 – c. 3100 BC) onward, hundreds of thousands were created in a wide variety of shapes and materials, many from hard stones but the majority from soft calcareous rocks, especially travertine. Hard stone vessels were luxury items that only the elite had access to. As such, they were frequently im…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Dynasty 0, Dynasty Zero, or the Protodynastic period are the terms used to describe the kings of Egypt during the Naqada III period of Egypt. These kings ruled over part or all of Egypt, with this dynasty ending with the legendary king Menes, who is usually associated with Narmer or Aha. This period saw a rise in Egyptian royalty, leading to Egyptian unification by Menes. During this period, names were written in serekhs on a variety of surfaces, usually on jars and in tombs. This period is characterized by constant conflict with the people in the Nile Delta, likely to control trade routes with the Levant.