maszyny: Machine

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

A machine is a thermodynamic system that uses power to apply forces and control movement to perform an action. The term is commonly applied to artificial devices, such as those employing engines or motors, but also to natural biological macromolecules, such as molecular machines. Machines can be driven by animals and human power, by natural forces such as wind and water, and by chemical, thermal, or electrical power, and include a system of mechanisms that shape the actuator input to achieve a specific application of output forces and movement. They can also include computers and sensors that monitor performance and plan movement, often called mechanical systems. Renaissance natural philoso…

Evidence: 50 • authority: 88

Evidence: 50 • authority: 72

In electrical engineering, an electric machine is a general term for a machine that makes use of electromagnetic forces and their interactions with voltages, currents, and movement, such as motors and generators. They are electromechanical energy converters, converting between electricity and motion. The moving parts in a machine can be rotating (rotating machines) or linear (linear machines). Electric machines, in the form of synchronous and induction generators, produce about 95% of all electric power on Earth (as of the early 2020s). In the form of electric motors, they consume approximately 60% of all electric power produced. Electric machines were developed in the mid-19th century and…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 92

Ion correlations explain kinetic selectivity in diffusion-limited solid-state synthesis reactions.. Establishing viable solid-state synthesis pathways for novel inorganic materials remains a major challenge in materials science. Previous pathway design methods using pairwise reaction approaches have navigated the thermodynamic landscape with first-principles data but lack kinetic information, limiting their effectiveness. This gap leads to suboptimal precursor selection and predictions, especially for reactions forming competing phases with similar formation energies, where ion diffusion is a critical influence. Here we demonstrate an inorganic synthesis framework by incorporating machine l…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 72

The first law of thermodynamics is a formulation of the law of conservation of energy in the context of thermodynamic processes. For a thermodynamic process affecting a thermodynamic system without transfer of matter, the law distinguishes two principal forms of energy transfer, heat and thermodynamic work. The law also defines the internal energy of a system, an extensive property for taking account of the balance of heat transfer, thermodynamic work, and matter transfer, into and out of the system. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be transformed from one form to another. In an externally isolated system, with internal changes, the sum of all forms of energy is constant. A…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 72

Evidence: 42 • authority: 80

Evidence: 42 • authority: 92

Evidence: 42 • authority: 92

Analytical and numerical investigations, data-driven modeling via an analytical-machine learning approach, and chaotic analysis of a nonlinear fractional soliton neuron model.. This study investigates a nonlinear fractional soliton neuron model that arises in fluid mechanics, nonlinear dynamics, mathematical physics, engineering, neuroscience, plasma physics, and related scientific fields. An efficient mapping approach is employed after transforming the governing nonlinear partial differential equation into an ordinary differential equation through a suitable wave transformation. A machine learning approach is also applied for data-driven analysis of the obtained solution. These two propose…