techniki: Mountaineering

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Mountaineering is a set of outdoor activities that involves ascending mountains. Mountaineering-related activities include traditional outdoor climbing, skiing, and traversing via ferratas that have become sports in their own right. Indoor climbing, sport climbing, and bouldering are also considered variants of mountaineering by some, but are part of a wide group of mountain sports. In everyday language, the term "mountaineering" is synonymous with mountain climbing or alpinism. Unlike most sports, mountaineering lacks widely applied formal rules, regulations, and governance; mountaineers adhere to a large variety of techniques and philosophies (including grading and guidebooks) when climbi…

Evidence: 46 • authority: 88

Aboveground Vegetation and Soil Fauna Activity - Land Use effects on Soil Biodiversity. Soil fauna, particularly its microarthropod content, is key to soil functioning. However, the interactions of agricultural practices and the functioning of its soil biodiversity are not fully understood. We evaluated how vegetation cover affects microarthropod diversity in three Mediterranean agroecosystems - almond and olive orchards and a vineyard in Israel. Soil samples were collected from vegetated and non-vegetated areas and analyzed using the Soil Biological Quality method (QBS-ar). Higher QBS-ar, higher microarthropod richness, and distinct assemblage composition were measured in vegetated soils c…

Evidence: 40 • authority: 88

High-Mountain Landscape Classification to Analyze Patterns of Land Use and Potential Natural Vegetation. In Georgia’s Lesser Caucasus, extremely species rich wooded grasslands are still used as pastures or meadows. These silvopastoral systems are one of the oldest land-use types in Europe, hosting both light-demanding and shade-tolerant species. However, in Europe silvopastoral systems have decreased over the past centuries. The aim of this study is to map, quantify, and classify the local land use and forest types in comparison to the potential natural vegetation to analyze and evaluate the high-mountain landscape pattern. Therefore, we mapped a 223 km2 study area and classified this mount…

Evidence: 40 • authority: 80

The effect of shrubland and grassland vegetation types on soil fauna and flora activities in a mountainous semi-arid landscape of Iran

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Changes in Soil Cover and Vegetation by Mountaineering Activity

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Violations to the Geological Surface and Changes in Land Relief by Mountaineering Activity