codzienność: Religious restrictions on the consumption of pork

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The consumption of pork by humans is restricted by many worldwide religions. This restriction is most notable for featuring in Judaism and Samaritanism, before being adopted by other Abrahamic religions such as Islam. It is thought to have its origin in a stigma that was already present in the ancient Near East, as before the rise of the Israelites—pork was prohibited in cultures in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and those of the Levant and Anatolia. The pig also represented a taboo observed at Comana in Pontus, as noted by the Greek geographer Strabo. A lost poem of the Greek poet Hermesianax, reported centuries later by the Greek geographer Pausanias, described an etiological myth of Attis being des…

Evidence: 34 • authority: 88

From Pork to Kapores : Transformations in Religious Practice among the Jews of Late Imperial Kiev. Until recently, studies of Jewish religious practices in Imperial Russia have focused on major movements such as Hasidism and mitnagdism as well as the challenges that Haskalah presented to traditional Judaism. Few scholars have scrutinized transformations in everyday religious practices such as the observance of Sabbath and other holidays, synagogue attendance, and liturgical practices. However, new political, social, and economic realities had generated subtle changes in religious practices even in earlier periods and it comes as no surprise, therefore, that religious practices among Jews du…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Messianic Judaism is a syncretic Protestant Christian religious sect that incorporates elements of Jewish practice. It considers itself to be a form of Judaism but is generally considered to be a form of Christianity, including by all mainstream Jewish religious movements. Its roots are in Christian missionary activity aimed at Jews in the 19th and 20th centuries, particularly in North America. Messianic Jews believe that Jesus was the Messiah and a divine being in the form of God the Son (a member of the Trinity), thus taking characteristically Christian positions on distinctions that number among those that most strongly distinguish Christianity and Judaism. Messianic Judaism is also gene…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

American Jews (Hebrew: יהודים אמריקאים, romanized: Yehudim Amerikaim; Yiddish: אמעריקאנער אידן, romanized: Amerikaner Idn) or Jewish Americans are American citizens who are Jewish, whether by ethnicity, religion, or culture. According to a 2020 poll conducted by Pew Research, approximately two thirds of American Jews identify as Ashkenazi, 3% identify as Sephardic, and 1% identify as Mizrahi. An additional 6% identify as some combination of the three categories, and 25% do not identify as any particular category. During the colonial era, Sephardic Jews who arrived via Portugal and via Brazil (Dutch Brazil) represented the bulk of America's then small Jewish population. While their descendan…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Christian vegetarianism is the practice of keeping to a vegetarian lifestyle for reasons connected to or derived from the Christian faith. The three primary reasons are spiritual, nutritional, and ethical. The ethical reasons may include a concern for God's creation, a concern for animal rights and welfare, or both. Likewise, Christian veganism is not using any animal products for reasons connected to or derived from the Christian faith. Pescetarianism was widespread in the early Church, among both the clergy and laity. Among the early Christian Gnostics the Ebionites held that John the Baptist, James the Just and Jesus were vegetarians. Some religious orders of various Christian Churches p…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The Seventh-day Adventist Church (SDA) is an Adventist Christian denomination which is distinguished by its observance of Saturday, the seventh day of the week in the Christian (Gregorian) and the Hebrew calendar, as the Sabbath; its emphasis on the imminent Second Coming (advent) of Jesus Christ; and its annihilationist soteriology. The denomination grew out of the Millerite movement in the United States during the mid-19th century, and it was formally established in 1863. Among its co-founders was Ellen G. White, whose extensive writings are still held in high regard by the church. Seventh-day Adventists have compared Ellen G. White to biblical prophets. Some of the theology of the Sevent…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Islamic dietary laws are laws that Muslims follow in their diet. Islamic jurisprudence specifies which foods are halal (Arabic: حَلَال, romanized: ḥalāl, lit. 'lawful') and which are haram (Arabic: حَرَام, romanized: ḥarām, lit. 'unlawful'). The dietary laws are found in the Quran, the holy book of Islam, as well as in collections of traditions attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Herbivores, cud-chewing animals like cattle, deer, sheep, goats, and antelope are some examples of animals that are halal only if they are treated like sentient beings and slaughtered painlessly while reciting the basmala and takbir. If the animal is treated poorly or tortured while being slaughtered, the m…