geneza: Hoax

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

A hoax (pl.: hoaxes) is a widely publicised falsehood created to deceive its audience with false and often astonishing information, with the either malicious or humorous intent of causing shock and interest in as many people as possible. Some hoaxers intend to eventually unmask their representations as having been a hoax so as to expose their victims as fools; seeking some form of profit, other hoaxers hope to maintain the hoax indefinitely, so that it is only when skeptical people willing to investigate their claims publish their findings, that the hoaxers are finally revealed as such.

Evidence: 32 • authority: 88

Birokrasi dan Hoax: Studi Upaya Menjaga Netralitas Aparatur Sipil Negara di Era Post-Truth. The relationship between bureaucracy and politics is important to discuss again after Indonesia experienced the heated atmosphere of the 2019 elections. The political situation that created polarization had shaken the neutrality of the public servants (ASN). There is an ASN who openly declares political preferences while simultaneously spreading hoaxes in the public sphere. This is because of factors other than the political temperature, also the post-truth phenomenon which also attacked Indonesia. This study was conducted to revisit the discourse on the importance of bureaucratic neutrality to maint…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Bigfoot, or Sasquatch, is a large, hairy, mythical humanoid creature said to inhabit forests in North America, particularly in the Pacific Northwest. Bigfoot is featured in both American and Canadian folklore, and since the mid-20th century has become a cultural icon, permeating popular culture and becoming the subject of its own distinct subculture. Enthusiasts of Bigfoot, such as those within the pseudoscience of cryptozoology, have offered various forms of dubious evidence to support Bigfoot's existence, including anecdotal claims of sightings as well as supposed photographs, video and audio recordings, hair samples, and casts of large footprints. However, the evidence is a combination o…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Fake news is false or misleading information (misinformation, disinformation, propaganda, and hoaxes) claiming the aesthetics and legitimacy of news. Fake news often has the aim of damaging the reputation of a person or entity, or making money through advertising revenue. Although false news has always been spread throughout history, the term fake news was first used in the 1890s when sensational reports in newspapers were common. Nevertheless, the term does not have a fixed definition and has been applied broadly to any type of false information presented as news. It has also been used by high-profile people to apply to any news unfavorable to them. Further, disinformation involves spreadi…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

On October 15, 2009, a homemade helium-filled gas balloon shaped to resemble a silver flying saucer was released into the atmosphere above Fort Collins, Colorado, by Richard and Mayumi Heene. They then claimed that their six-year-old son Falcon was trapped inside it. Authorities confirmed the balloon reached 7,000 feet (2,100 m) during its 90-minute flight. The event attracted worldwide attention, and Falcon was nicknamed "Balloon Boy" in the media. National Guard helicopters and local police pursued the balloon. After flying for more than an hour and approximately 50 miles (80 km), the balloon landed about 12 miles (19 km) northeast of Denver International Airport. When Falcon was not foun…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Indigenous identity fraud is the practice of non-Indigenous people incorrectly claiming Indigenous identity. The Indigenous Chamber of Commerce states, "For Indigenous peoples, identity is not a self-declared label but is instead grounded in ancestry, kinship, community recognition, and lived experience, among other things." Indigenous identity fraud also refers to an individual who make such incorrect claims. Individuals who practice Indigenous identity fraud are often called "pretendians", a pejorative portmanteau of "pretend" and "Indian"; similarly a "pretenduit" is a portmanteau of "pretend" and "Inuit". Philip Deloria (Standing Rock Sioux) called the practice "playing Indian," and ant…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Deepfakes (a portmanteau of 'deep learning' and 'fake') are images, videos, or audio that have been edited or generated using artificial intelligence, AI-based tools or audio-video editing software. They may depict real or fictional people and are considered a form of synthetic media, that is media that is usually created by artificial intelligence systems by combining various media elements into a new media artifact. While the act of creating fake content is not new, deepfakes uniquely leverage machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques, including facial recognition algorithms and artificial neural networks such as variational autoencoders and generative adversarial networks (…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Misery literature, also called misery lit, misery porn, misery memoirs and trauma porn, is a literary genre dwelling on trauma, mental and physical abuse, destitution, or other enervating trials suffered by the protagonists or, allegedly, the writer (in the case of memoirs). While in a broad sense the genre is as at least as old as mass-market fiction (e.g., Les Misérables), the terms misery lit and misery porn are usually applied pejoratively to steamy potboilers, schlock horror, and lurid autobiographical wallows of dubious authenticity, especially those without a happy ending. Misery literature has also been proven to be a popular genre for literary hoaxes in which authors claim to revea…

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Song Sharks and Their Victims: An Exposè

Evidence: — • authority: 88

Indefinitely Descending Ground. Chapter 8 proposes that there might not be any metaphysically fundamental facts. It argues that reality might be structured such that some facts obtain in virtue of some other facts, which in turn obtain in virtue of yet some other facts, and so on indefinitely. In addition to this, the chapter also provides some reasons to think that reality is not just possibly so, but actually so.