geologia: Sea

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

A sea is a very large body of salty water. The term has two distinct meanings. The first is the interconnected body of seawater that spans most of Earth, known as the sea or the ocean. The second is a named body of water: usually either a marginal sea (a second-order section of the oceanic sea such as the Mediterranean Sea), or a large, nearly landlocked body of water. The salinity of water bodies varies widely, being lower near the surface and the mouths of large rivers and higher in the depths of the ocean; however, the relative proportions of dissolved salts vary little across the oceans. The most abundant solid dissolved in seawater is sodium chloride. The water also contains salts of m…

Evidence: 58 • authority: 80

Dissolved rare earth elements in the central-western sector of the Ross Sea, Southern Ocean: Geochemical tracing of seawater masses

Evidence: 49 • authority: 88

Earth, Sea, and Sky: Teaching Place-Based Earth, Ocean, and Space Science With Smartphone Sensors. This curriculum-design and teaching-framework article presents a literature-grounded model for teaching introductory Earth, ocean, and space science through place-based smartphone sensor investigations. The activity sequence, Earth, Sea, and Sky, uses familiar environments, such as classrooms, stairwells, campuses, neighborhoods, shorelines, local water bodies, and safe sky-viewing sites, as introductory laboratories where students collect accessible but imperfect evidence about magnetic variation, pressure change, vibration, slope and drainage, waves, shoreline cover, marine debris, water-col…

Evidence: 49 • authority: 80

CLARIFYING THE STRUCTURE OF WATER MASSES IN EAST CHINA SEA USING LOW-VOLUME SEAWATER MEASUREMENT WITH RARE EARTH ELEMENTS

Evidence: 49 • authority: 88

Schematic Model of Ocean Pacific Seawater Mass Circulation in Banda Sea. Abstract The Banda Sea passes through the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), and carries seawater mass from the Pacific Ocean toward the Indian Ocean. This influx affects the variations in oceanography parameters, and the monsoon winds aggravate the water complexities. The aim of this research, therefore is to determine seawater mass movements based on temperature and salinity distribution, expressed by the schematic model. These parameters are obtained from HYCOM and processed with ODV, followed by description, using a graphical software. The schematic model created based on the waters’ vertical temperature profile, and re…

Evidence: 49 • authority: 88

Increase in sea level variability with ocean warming associated with the nonlinear thermal expansion of seawater. Abstract Sea level variability increasingly contributes to coastal flooding and erosion as global sea levels rise, partly due to the thermal expansion of seawater, which accelerates with increasing temperature. Climate model simulations with increasing greenhouse gas emissions suggest that future sea level variability, such as the annual and interannual oscillations that alter local astronomical tidal cycles and contribute to coastal impacts, will also increase in many regions. Here, we present an analysis of the CMIP5 climate model projections of future sea level to show that t…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

The ocean is the body of salt water that covers approximately 70.8% of Earth. The ocean is conventionally divided into large bodies of water, which are also referred to as oceans (in descending order by area: the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Antarctic/Southern Ocean, and the Arctic Ocean), and are themselves mostly divided into seas, gulfs, and subsequent bodies of water. The ocean contains 97% of Earth's water and is the primary component of Earth's hydrosphere, acting as a huge reservoir of heat for Earth's energy budget, as well as for its carbon cycle and water cycle, forming the basis for climate and weather patterns worldwide. The ocean is essential to life…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about 85,133,000 square kilometers (32,870,000 sq mi). It covers approximately 17% of Earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area. During the Age of Discovery, it was known for separating the New World of the Americas (North America and South America) from the Old World of Afro-Eurasia (Africa, Asia, and Europe). Through its separation of Afro-Eurasia from the Americas, the Atlantic Ocean has played a central role in the development of human society, globalization, and the histories of many nations. While the Norse were the first known humans to cross the Atlantic, it was the expedition of Chris…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The Gaia hypothesis (), also known as the Gaia theory, Gaia paradigm, or the Gaia principle, proposes that living organisms interact with their inorganic surroundings on Earth to form a synergistic and self-regulating complex system that helps to maintain and perpetuate the conditions for life on the planet. The Gaia hypothesis was formulated by the chemist James Lovelock and co-developed by the microbiologist Lynn Margulis in the 1970s. Following the suggestion by his neighbour, novelist William Golding, Lovelock named the hypothesis after Gaia, the primordial deity who was sometimes personified as the Earth in Greek mythology. In 2006, the Geological Society of London awarded Lovelock the…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

A lake is often a naturally occurring, relatively large and fixed body of water on or near the Earth's surface. It is localized in a basin or interconnected basins surrounded by dry land. Lakes lie completely on land and are separate from the ocean, although they may be connected with the ocean by outflowing rivers. Lakes, like other bodies of water, are part of the water cycle, the processes by which water moves around the Earth. Most lakes are fresh water and account for almost all the world's surface freshwater, but some are salt lakes with salinities even higher than that of seawater. Lakes vary significantly in surface area and volume of water, but in total cover approximately 2.5 × 10…

Evidence: — • authority: 88

Deep-sea sediments of the global ocean. Abstract. Although the deep-sea floor accounts for more than 70 % of the Earth's surface, there has been little progress in relation to deriving maps of seafloor sediment distribution based on transparent, repeatable and automated methods such as machine learning. A new digital map of the spatial distribution of seafloor lithologies in the deep sea below 500 m water depth is presented to address this shortcoming. The lithology map is accompanied by estimates of the probability of the most probable class, which may be interpreted as a spatially-explicit measure of confidence in the predictions, and probabilities for the occurrence of seven lithology cl…