polska: English literature

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

English literature is a form of literature written in the English language from the English-speaking world. The English language has developed over more than 1,400 years. The earliest forms of English, a set of Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the fifth century, are called Old English. Beowulf is the most famous work in Old English. Despite being set in Scandinavia, it has achieved national epic status in England. However, following the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, the written form of the Anglo-Saxon language became less common. Under the influence of the new aristocracy, French became the standard language of courts, parliament, and polite s…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 88

Correlation Between Extracurricular and Curricular Exposure to English and FLA Success in Students Learning English for More Than 13 Years. While foreign language acquisition is influenced by individual and contextual factors, learners also acquire language unintentionally through media exposure alongside formal instruction. This study investigates the correlation between curricular and extracurricular exposure and students’ success in foreign language acquisition, evaluated through secondary school, secondary school leaving certificate, and university grades. Data were collected via a questionnaire administered to 40 university students of food technology. Findings reveal that students’ fi…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

There are over 250 languages indigenous to Europe, and most belong to the Indo-European language family. Out of a total European population of 744 million as of 2018, some 94% are native speakers of an Indo-European language. The three largest phyla of the Indo-European language family in Europe are Romance, Germanic, and Slavic; they have more than 200 million speakers each, and together account for close to 90% of Europeans. Smaller phyla of Indo-European found in Europe include Hellenic (Greek, c. 13 million), Baltic (c. 4.5 million), Albanian (c. 7.5 million), Celtic (c. 4 million), and Armenian (c. 4 million). Indo-Aryan, though a large subfamily of Indo-European, has a relatively smal…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

A multitude of languages have always been spoken in Canada. Prior to Confederation, the territories that would become Canada were home to over 70 distinct languages across 12 or so language families. Today, a majority of those indigenous languages are still spoken; however, most are endangered and only about 0.6% of the Canadian population report an indigenous language as their mother tongue. Since the establishment of the Canadian state, English and French have been the co-official languages and are, by far, the most-spoken languages in the country. According to the 2021 census, English and French are the mother tongues of 56.6% and 20.2% of Canadians respectively. According to the 2016 ce…

Evidence: 33 • authority: 72

English is taught as a mandatory subject in Puerto Rican schools and is one of the two official languages of the Commonwealth government. English and Spanish were first made co-official languages by the colonial government in 1902, but Spanish remained the primary language of everyday life and local government proceedings. English was removed as an official language in 1991 after the U.S. Congress had attempted to make English the primary language in order for Puerto Rico to join the union as the 51st state, but it was brought back as the second official language in 1993 and has remained the co-official language of the Commonwealth government since. Spanish remains the most spoken and writt…

Evidence: 33 • authority: 88

Two types of language contact involving English Creoles. The two African English-lexifier Creole languages Krio (Sierra Leone) and Pichi (Equatorial Guinea) are closely related. A close look at specific aspects of their grammar, however, shows divergence due to differing contact ecologies since their split in the 19 th century. Krio has been spoken alongside its lexifier (the main lexicon-providing language) and superstrate (the socially dominant colonial language) English since its beginnings and Pichi alongside its superstrate Spanish for almost two centuries, but not alongside English. Resulting differences in contact outcomes transpire in the expression of tense, aspect, and mood, and t…

Evidence: 33 • authority: 72

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, with a population of over 69 million in 2025. The UK includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and most of the smaller islands within the British Isles, covering 94,354 square miles (244,376 km2). It shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea, while maintaining sovereignty over the Cr…

Evidence: 33 • authority: 72

Bengali, also known by its endonym Bangla, is an Indo-Aryan language belonging to the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family. It is primarily spoken by the Bengali people, native to the Bengal region (Bangladesh and India's West Bengal) as well as in Barak Valley in Assam and Tripura in South Asia. With over 242 million native speakers and another 43 million as second language speakers as of 2025, Bengali is the sixth most spoken native language and the seventh most spoken language by the total number of speakers in the world. Bengali is the official, national, and most widely spoken language of Bangladesh, with 98% of Bangladeshis using Bengali as their first language. It…

Evidence: — • authority: 80

THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Evidence: — • authority: 80

THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Evidence: — • authority: 80

THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Evidence: — • authority: 72

A Dictionary of the English Language – słownik języka angielskiego opracowany i napisany przez Samuela Johnsona, wydany w 1755 roku. Pełny tytuł dzieła brzmi: A Dictionary of the English language in which the words are deduced from their originals, and illustrated in their different significations by examples from the best writers: to which are prefixed, a history of the language, and an English grammar. Słownik wydrukowany został w dwóch tomach.