język: History of coffee

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The history of coffee spans many centuries. Wild coffee plants originated in Ethiopia, while the beverage itself has its roots in Yemen, where it was harvested, roasted, and brewed; Sufi Muslims in the 15th century used it to aid concentration during night prayers. From Yemen, coffee spread to Mecca and the wider Arabian Peninsula, and by the early 16th century it had reached Cairo, Damascus, and Istanbul. Debates over its permissibility arose in Muslim society, but it soon became a central part of urban social life. Through Mediterranean trade routes, coffee entered Europe in the mid-16th century through Italy and other Mediterranean regions. Coffee houses were established in Western Europ…

Evidence: 34 • authority: 72

Before the arrival of the Europeans, the lands that now constitute Brazil were inhabited and settled by diverse tribes for thousands of years. The Portuguese landed in the so-called "New World" on April 22, 1500, commanded by Pedro Álvares Cabral, an explorer on his way to India under the sponsorship of the Kingdom of Portugal and the support of the Catholic Church. Between the 16th to the early 19th century, Brazil was created and expanded as a colony, kingdom, and an integral part of the Portuguese Empire. Brazil was briefly named "Land of the Holy Cross" by Portuguese explorers and crusaders before being named "Land of Brazil" by the Brazilian-Portuguese settlers and merchants dealing wi…

Evidence: 25 • authority: 80

With a little hydrogen, the word's largest pyridines producer becomes the world's largest piperidines producer.

Evidence: 25 • authority: 72

The economy of Brazil has changed over the course of the country's history. Portugal, which first colonized the area in the 16th century, enforced a colonial pact with Brazil, an imperial mercantile policy, which drove development for the subsequent three centuries. Independence was achieved in 1822. Slavery was fully abolished in 1888. Important structural transformations began in the 1930s, when important steps were taken to change Brazil into a modern, industrialized economy. A socioeconomic transformation took place rapidly after World War II. In the 1940s, only 31.3% of Brazil's 41.2 million inhabitants resided in towns and cities; by 1991, of the country's 146.9 million inhabitants 75…