inżynieria: Richmond–San Rafael Bridge

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

The Richmond–San Rafael Bridge (officially renamed the John F. McCarthy Memorial Bridge in 1981) is the northernmost east–west crossing of California's San Francisco Bay. Carrying Interstate 580, it connects Richmond on the east shore to San Rafael on the west. The bridge opened on September 1, 1956, replacing service previously provided by the Richmond–San Rafael Ferry Company. It was the last bridge built across the bay that replaced a ferry service, and the state legislature later renamed it to honor Senator John F. McCarthy, who championed its funding. Measuring 29,040 ft (5.500 mi; 8.85 km) including approaches, the structure ranked as the world's second-longest bridge when completed,…

Evidence: 47 • authority: 92

Chinook salmon and green sturgeon migrate through San Francisco Estuary despite large distortions in the local magnetic field produced by bridges.. Empirical evidence exists that some marine animals perceive and orient to local distortions in the earth's main static geomagnetic field. The magnetic fields produced by undersea electric power cables that carry electricity from hydrokinetic energy sources to shore-based power stations may produce similar local distortions in the earth's main field. Concerns exist that animals migrating along the continental shelves might orient to the magnetic field from the cables, and move either inshore or offshore away from their normal path. We have studie…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 72

The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the one-mile-wide (1.6 km) strait connecting San Francisco Bay and the Pacific Ocean in California, United States. The structure links San Francisco—the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula—to Marin County, carrying both U.S. Route 101 and California State Route 1 across the strait. It also carries pedestrian and bicycle traffic, and is designated as part of U.S. Bicycle Route 95. Recognized by the American Society of Civil Engineers as one of the Wonders of the Modern World, the bridge is one of the most internationally recognized symbols of San Francisco and California. The idea of a fixed link between San Fran…

Evidence: 36 • authority: 72

The Carquinez Bridge is a pair of parallel bridges spanning the Carquinez Strait at the northeastern end of San Francisco Bay. They form the part of Interstate 80 between Crockett and Vallejo, California, United States. The name Carquinez Bridge originally referred to a single cantilever bridge built in 1927, which was part of the direct route between San Francisco and Sacramento. A second parallel cantilever bridge was completed in 1958 to deal with the increased traffic. Later, seismic problems made the 1927 span unsafe in case of an earthquake, and led to the construction, and 2003 opening, of a replacement: a suspension bridge officially named the Alfred Zampa Memorial Bridge, in memory…

Evidence: 36 • authority: 72

The Richmond–San Rafael Ferry Company (originally Richmond–San Rafael Ferry and Transportation Company) was a ferry service between Castro Point in Richmond in Contra Costa County and San Quentin in Marin County, California, across the San Pablo Bay. It ran from 1915 until the 1956 opening of the Richmond–San Rafael Bridge.

Evidence: 29 • authority: 92

Accessing acute care hospitals in the San Francisco Bay Area after a major hayward earthquake.. Earthquakes can severely disrupt healthcare access, especially in dense cities. Here, we provide a comprehensive assessment of how a magnitude 7.25 earthquake on the Hayward Fault would impact access to acute care hospitals in the San Francisco Bay Area. By integrating seismic hazard with hospital and transportation infrastructure's vulnerability and connectivity data, we analyze 76 hospitals (426 buildings with 16,639 beds) and 5163 bridges within a vast network of ~1.5 million edges and ~0.5 million nodes. We leverage the rich data to formulate a coupled risk-network model to quantify simultane…

Evidence: 20 • authority: 92

Metagenomic Mining for Esterases in the Microbial Community of Los Rueldos Acid Mine Drainage Formation.. Acid mine drainage (AMD) systems are extremely acidic and are metal-rich formations inhabited by relatively low-complexity communities of acidophiles whose enzymes remain mostly uncharacterized. Indeed, enzymes from only a few AMD sites have been studied. The low number of available cultured representatives and genome sequences of acidophiles inhabiting AMDs makes it difficult to assess the potential of these environments for enzyme bioprospecting. In this study, using naïve and in silico metagenomic approaches, we retrieved 16 esterases from the α/β-hydrolase fold superfamily with the…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Interstate 580 (I-580) is an approximately 76-mile-long (122 km) east–west auxiliary Interstate Highway in Northern California. The heavily traveled spur route of I-80 runs from US Route 101 (US 101) in San Rafael in the San Francisco Bay Area to I-5 at a point outside the southern city limits of Tracy in the Central Valley. I-580 forms a concurrency with I-80 between Albany and Oakland, the latter of which is the location of the MacArthur Maze interchange immediately east of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge. I-580 provides a connection from the Bay Area to the southern San Joaquin Valley and Southern California via I-5, as I-5 bypasses the Bay Area to the east. A portion of I-580 is ca…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

San Francisco Bay is a large tidal estuary in the U.S. state of California, which gives its name to the San Francisco Bay Area. It is dominated by the cities of San Francisco, San Jose, and Oakland. San Francisco Bay drains water from approximately 40 percent of California. Water from the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, and from the Sierra Nevada mountains, flow into Suisun Bay, which then travels through the Carquinez Strait to meet with the Napa River at the entrance to San Pablo Bay, which connects at its south end to San Francisco Bay. It then connects to the Pacific Ocean via the Golden Gate strait. However, this entire group of interconnected bays is often called San Francisco Bay.…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Modeling Magnetic Fields from a DC Power Cable Buried Beneath San Francisco Bay Based on Empirical Measurements.. The Trans Bay Cable (TBC) is a ±200-kilovolt (kV), 400 MW 85-km long High Voltage Direct Current (DC) buried transmission line linking Pittsburg, CA with San Francisco, CA (SF) beneath the San Francisco Estuary. The TBC runs parallel to the migratory route of various marine species, including green sturgeon, Chinook salmon, and steelhead trout. In July and August 2014, an extensive series of magnetic field measurements were taken using a pair of submerged Geometrics magnetometers towed behind a survey vessel in four locations in the San Francisco estuary along profiles that cros…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Richmond is a city in western Contra Costa County, California, United States. The city was incorporated on August 3, 1905, and has a city council. Located in the San Francisco Bay Area's East Bay region, Richmond borders San Pablo, Albany, El Cerrito and Pinole in addition to the unincorporated communities of North Richmond, Hasford Heights, Kensington, El Sobrante, Bayview-Montalvin Manor, Tara Hills, and East Richmond Heights, and for a short distance San Francisco on Red Rock Island in the San Francisco Bay. Richmond is one of two cities, the other being San Rafael, that sits on the shores of both San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay. Its population was 116,448 as of the 2020 United State…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Contra Costa County ( ; Contra Costa, Spanish for 'Opposite Coast') is a northern county in the U.S. state of California, in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 1,165,927. The county seat is Martinez. It occupies the northern portion of the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area and is primarily suburban. The county's name refers to its position on the other side of the bay from San Francisco. Contra Costa County is included in the San Francisco–Oakland–Fremont, CA metropolitan statistical area and the San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA combined statistical area.