telekomunikacja: Cellular network

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

A cellular network or mobile network (sometimes known as cellular communication network or mobile communication network) is a telecommunications network where the link to and from end nodes is wireless and the network is distributed over land areas called cells, each served by at least one fixed-location transceiver (such as a base station). These base stations provide the cell with the network coverage which can be used for transmission of voice, data, and other types of content via radio waves. Each cell's coverage area is determined by factors such as the power of the transceiver, the terrain, and the frequency band being used. A cell typically uses a different set of frequencies from ne…

Evidence: 76 • authority: 88

THE SOLUTION OF VOICE TRANSMISSION PROBLEMS DUE TO POOR COVERAGE AND LOW NETWORK QUALITY IN A CELLULAR NETWORK OPERATOR. Although Long-term Evolution (LTE) technology is currently used in data and voice transmission, the GSM frequency band is still used in voice transmission because of its more resistant to both coverage and multipath fading. Poor coverage problems caused by low signal level directly reduce network performance and cause undesirable cases. Solving these problems requires relatively difficult process steps, such as hardware configuration and parameter optimization. Since the hardware configuration is not consistently repeatable, it is the preferred method to improve the self-…

Evidence: 67 • authority: 72

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), also known as IP telephony, is a set of technologies used primarily for voice communication sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet. VoIP enables voice calls to be transmitted as data packets, facilitating various methods of voice communication, including voice and video conferencing applications and appliances and VoIP phones. Regular telephones can also be used for VoIP by connecting them to the Internet via an analog telephone adapter (ATA), which converts telephone signals into digital data packets that can be transmitted over IP networks. The broader terms Internet telephony, broadband telephony, and broadband phone servi…

Evidence: 54 • authority: 72

A two-way radio is a radio transceiver (a radio that can both transmit and receive radio waves), which is used for bidirectional person-to-person voice communication with other users with similar radios, in contrast to a broadcast receiver, which only receives transmissions. Two-way radios usually use a half-duplex communication channel, which permits two-way communication, albeit with the limitation that only one user can transmit at a time. (This is in contrast to simplex communication, in which transmission can only be sent in one direction, and full-duplex, which allows transmission in both directions simultaneously.) This requires users in a group to take turns talking. The radio is no…

Evidence: 54 • authority: 92

Distance-based Device-To-Device outage reduction for 5G wireless systems.. Device-to-Device (D2D) communication constitutes that closely spaced nodes communicate with each other without the use of a centralized base station that carries the communication data. This helps in increasing the data rate, decreasing latency, and expanding the bandwidth and capacity which promotes it to play an important part in next-generation wireless technology. Regardless, the efficient utilization of the available resources is a crucial challenge in D2D systems especially in limited areas; considering that the spectrum is shared across the cell. This paper investigates the spectrum sharing strategies for D2D…

Evidence: 54 • authority: 92

Coexistence Analysis of 5G C-Band Indoor Deployments and Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) in Malaysia.. Several satellite services, including the Fixed Satellite Service (FSS), rely on the C-Band (3. 4 - 4. 2 GHz), which provides wide coverage and high availability despite weather effects. As a mid-band spectrum ideal for 5G, its allocation to cellular networks raises interference concerns, potentially disrupting satellite services and causing a significant economic impact. This study presents an empirical, measurement-based 5G propagation assessment and an interference investigation with 5G cellular networks operating below the 6 GHz band in the optimization of exclusion zones for 5G and FSS…

Evidence: 54 • authority: 72

Radio propagation is the behavior of radio waves as they travel, or are propagated, from one point to another in vacuum, or into various parts of the atmosphere. As a form of electromagnetic radiation, like light waves, radio waves are affected by the phenomena of reflection, refraction, diffraction, absorption, polarization, and scattering. Understanding the effects of varying conditions on radio propagation has many practical applications, from choosing frequencies for amateur radio communications, international shortwave broadcasters, to designing reliable mobile telephone systems, to radio navigation, to operation of radar systems. Several different types of propagation are used in prac…

Evidence: 48 • authority: 80

Optimization of the Data Transmission Flow from Moving Object to Nonhomogeneous Network of Base Stations

Evidence: 48 • authority: 92

Mission-Critical Services in 4G/5G and Beyond: Standardization, Key Challenges, and Future Perspectives.. Mission-critical services (MCX) comprise a standardized suite of capabilities including Mission-Critical Push-to-Talk (MCPTT), MCVideo, and MCData, designed to meet stringent requirements for availability, reliability, latency, security, and Quality of Service (QoS). These services are essential for public safety, emergency response, and other critical infrastructure domains, where communication performance directly affects operational effectiveness. Integration into 4G and 5G mobile networks, supported by targeted standardization efforts, has extended broadband capabilities to mission-…

Evidence: 48 • authority: 72

In telecommunications, a femtocell is a small, low-power cellular base station, typically designed for use in a home or small business. A broader term which is more widespread in the industry is small cell, with femtocell as a subset. It typically connects to the service provider's network via the Internet through a wired broadband link (such as DSL or cable); current designs typically support four to eight simultaneously active mobile phones in a residential setting depending on version number and femtocell hardware, and eight to sixteen mobile phones in enterprise settings. A femtocell allows service providers to extend service coverage indoors or at the cell edge, especially where access…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 80

Cooperative live video multicast for small cell base stations with overlapping coverage

Evidence: 42 • authority: 80

Voice and data transmission over an 802.11 wireless network