energia: 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

On 11 March 2011, at 14:46:24 local time (UTC+9), a Mw 9.0–9.1 undersea megathrust earthquake occurred in the Pacific Ocean, 72 km (45 mi) east of the Oshika Peninsula of the Tōhoku region of Japan. It lasted approximately six minutes and caused a tsunami. It is sometimes known in Japan as the "Great East Japan Earthquake" (東日本大震災, Higashi Nihon Daishinsai), among other names. It is often referred to by its numerical date, 3.11 (read San ten Ichi-ichi in Japanese). The earthquake was the most powerful ever recorded in Japan, and the fourth most powerful recorded in the world since modern seismography began in 1900. It triggered powerful tsunami waves that may have reached heights of up to 4…

Evidence: 82 • authority: 72

On 26 December 2004, at 07:58:53 local time (UTC+7), a Mw 9.2–9.3 earthquake struck with its epicenter off the west coast of Aceh, in northern Sumatra, Indonesia. The undersea megathrust earthquake, known in the scientific community as the Sumatra–Andaman earthquake, was caused by a rupture along the fault boundary between the Burma plate and the Indian plate, and reached a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX in some areas. The earthquake caused a massive tsunami with waves up to 30 m (100 ft) high, referred to by British and Commonwealth media as the Boxing Day tsunami, after the Boxing Day holiday, or the Asian tsunami, which devastated communities along the surrounding coasts of the Indian…

Evidence: 24 • authority: 80

Deep space X-ray flash is most powerful ever recorded

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Probabilistic Modelling and Return-Level Estimation of Tsunami Wave Heights: A Case Study of the 2011 Tohoku Tsunami. The powerful earthquake that struck Japan on 11 March 2011 produced one of the most destructive and catastrophic tsunamis in recent times. Despite Japan’s extensive tsunami preparedness and mitigation measures, the event caused more than 18,000 fatalities and severe damage to coastal infrastructure. Accurate estimation of tsunami wave heights is therefore essential for coastal hazard assessment. In this study, time-series water-level data associated with the 2011 tsunami were obtained from NOAA for 24 tide gauges distributed across the Pacific Ocean. Several probability dist…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

On 20 April 2026 at 16:53 JST (07:53 UTC), a MJMA 7.5 (Mw 7.4–7.5) earthquake struck off the Sanriku Coast of Honshu, Japan, along the Japan Trench. The earthquake caused strong shaking in Iwate and Aomori, with a maximum intensity of 5-upper (5+) on the Japan Meteorological Agency seismic intensity scale, recorded in Hashikami, Aomori. Additionally, it generated long-period ground motion of class 3 in southern Akita and northern Miyagi prefectures.

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The April 2015 Nepal earthquake (also known as the Gorkha earthquake) killed 8,962 people and injured 21,952 across the countries of Nepal, India, China and Bangladesh. It occurred at 11:56 Nepal Standard Time on Saturday 25 April 2015, with a magnitude of Mw 7.8–7.9 or Ms 8.1 and a maximum Mercalli Intensity of X (Extreme). Its epicenter was east of Gorkha District at Barpak, Gorkha, roughly 85 km (53 mi) northwest of central Kathmandu, and its hypocenter was at a depth of approximately 8.2 km (5.1 mi). It was the worst natural disaster to strike Nepal since the 1934 Nepal–India earthquake. The ground motion recorded in Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal, was of low frequency, which, along wi…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The 1964 Alaska earthquake, also known as the Great Alaska earthquake and Good Friday earthquake, occurred at 5:36 PM AKST on Good Friday, March 27, 1964. Across south-central Alaska, ground fissures, collapsing structures, and tsunamis resulting from the earthquake caused about 139 deaths. Lasting four minutes and thirty-eight seconds, the magnitude 9.2–9.3 megathrust earthquake remains the most powerful earthquake ever recorded in North America and the second most powerful earthquake ever recorded in the world since modern seismography began in 1900. Six hundred miles (970 km) of fault ruptured at once and moved up to 60 ft (18 m), releasing about 500 years of stress buildup. Soil liquefa…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

On 30 July 2025, at 11:24:52 PETT (29 July, 23:24:52 UTC), a Mw 8.8 megathrust earthquake struck off the eastern coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula in the Russian Far East, 119 km (74 mi) east-southeast of the coastal city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. It was the most powerful earthquake recorded worldwide since the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake, and is tied with the 1906 Ecuador–Colombia and 2010 Chile earthquakes as the sixth-strongest ever recorded by seismometers. However, it caused minimal damage compared to other earthquakes of similar magnitude. The earthquake caused moderate damage and multiple injuries in Kamchatka Krai and Sakhalin Oblast. The subsequent Pacific-wide tsunami was weaker than…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

On 1 January 2024, at 16:10:09 JST (07:10:09 UTC), a MJMA7.6 (Mw7.5) earthquake struck 6 km (3.7 mi) north-northeast of Suzu, located on the Noto Peninsula of Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. The reverse-faulting shock achieved a maximum JMA seismic intensity of Shindo 7 and Modified Mercalli intensity of X–XI (Extreme). The shaking and accompanying tsunami caused widespread destruction on the Noto Peninsula, particularly in the towns of Suzu, Wajima, Noto and Anamizu. Damage was also recorded in Toyama and Niigata prefectures. There were 732 deaths confirmed and two people remain missing. At least 718 fatalities occurred in Ishikawa, 8 in Toyama and 6 more in Niigata. The mainshock also injured…