street-food: Economic history of China (1949–present)

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The economic history of China describes the changes and developments in China's economy from the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949 to the present day. The speed of China's transformation in this period from one of the poorest countries to one of the world's largest economies is unmatched in history. Since Mao Zedong's 1949 proclamation of the People's Republic of China, the country has experienced a surprising and turbulent economic development process. It has experienced revolution, socialism, Maoism, and finally the gradual economic reform and fast economic growth that has characterized the post-Maoist period. The period of the Great Leap Forward and the Great Chine…

Evidence: 72 • authority: 72

Deng Xiaoping (22 August 1904 – 19 February 1997) was a Chinese statesman, revolutionary, and political theorist who served as the paramount leader of the People's Republic of China (PRC) from 1978 to 1989. Emerging as China's most influential figure after Mao Zedong's death in 1976, Deng consolidated political power and guided the country into an era of reform and opening up that transitioned the nation toward a socialist market economy. Credited as the "architect of modern China", he is recognized for shaping both socialism with Chinese characteristics and Deng Xiaoping Theory. Born into a landowning peasant family in Sichuan, Deng was introduced to Marxism–Leninism while studying and wor…

Evidence: 52 • authority: 72

On 1 October 1949 CCP chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed the People's Republic of China (PRC) from atop Tiananmen, after a near complete victory (1949) by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in the Chinese Civil War. The PRC is the most recent political entity to govern mainland China, preceded by the Republic of China (ROC; 1912–1949) and thousands of years of monarchical dynasties. The paramount leaders have been Mao Zedong (1949–1976); Hua Guofeng (1976–1978); Deng Xiaoping (1978–1989); Jiang Zemin (1989–2002); Hu Jintao (2002–2012); and Xi Jinping (2012 to present). The origins of the People's Republic can be traced to the Chinese Soviet Republic proclaimed in 1931, with the backing of the Co…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 88

Mao Zedong: “On the People’s Democratic Dictatorship” Date: 1949. The first of July 1949 marks the fact that the Communist Party of China has already lived through twenty-eight years. Like a man, a political party has its childhood, youth, manhood and old age. The Communist Party of China is no longer a child or a lad in his teens but has become an adult. When a man reaches old age, he will die; the same is true of a party. When classes disappear, all instruments of class struggle—parties and the state machinery—will lose their function, cease to be necessary, therefore gradually wither away and end their historical mission; and human society will move to a higher stage. We are the opposite…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 88

Mao Zedong: “On the People’s Democratic Dictatorship” Year: 1949. The first of July 1949 marks the fact that the Communist Party of China has already lived through twenty-eight years. Like a man, a political party has its childhood, youth, manhood and old age. The Communist Party of China is no longer a child or a lad in his teens but has become an adult. When a man reaches old age, he will die; the same is true of a party. When classes disappear, all instruments of class struggle–parties and the state machinery–will lose their function, cease to be necessary, therefore gradually wither away and end their historical mission; and human society will move to a higher stage.

Evidence: 38 • authority: 92

Contemporary Chinese newspaper discourse on translation: A mixed-methods approach to the People's Daily (1949-2023).. Newspaper discourse on translation forms a particular discourse that uses newspapers as a medium to discuss the products, processes, and functions of translation. It can reflect how a society perceives translation as a general phenomenon in a certain period. Adopting a mixed-methods approach to the contemporary Chinese newspaper discourse on translation, this study examines the perceived roles of translation in the People's Daily between 1949 and 2023. It identifies main translation-related terms in the discourse through frequency analysis, traces the developmental trajector…

Evidence: 27 • authority: 72

Xi Jinping (born 15 June 1953) is a Chinese politician who is the paramount leader of China. He has served as the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and chairman of the Party Central Military Commission (CMC) since 2012, and as the president of China and chairman of the State Central Military Commission since 2013. The elder son of Xi Zhongxun's second marriage to Qi Xin, Xi was born in Beijing. He is considered a princeling but kept a low-key image in his early career. As a teenager, his father was purged, and he was sent down to the rural village of Liangjiahe, Shaanxi, during the Cultural Revolution. He lived in a yaodong there, joined the CCP after several failed att…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is divided into 33 province-level divisions, including two special administrative regions. Beijing is the capital, while Shanghai is the most populous city by urban area. Its geography features the Central Plain, major rivers such as the Yangtze and Yellow River, deserts, subtropical and temperate forests, plateaus, and mountain ranges such as the Himalayas. It is the world's second-most populous country after India, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion (17% of the world's population). Covering 9.6 million square kilometers (3,700,000 sq mi), it is the third largest country by area. Humans first arrived…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Maoism, officially Mao Zedong Thought, is a variety of Marxism–Leninism that Mao Zedong developed while trying to realise a socialist revolution in the agricultural, pre-industrial society of the Republic of China and later the People's Republic of China. A difference between Maoism and traditional Marxism–Leninism is that a united front of progressive forces in class society would lead the revolutionary vanguard in pre-industrial societies rather than communist revolutionaries alone. This theory, in which revolutionary praxis is primary and ideological orthodoxy is secondary, purports to represent urban Marxism–Leninism adapted to pre-industrial China. Later theoreticians expanded on the i…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Mao Zedong (26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese communist revolutionary, political theorist and the founder of the People's Republic of China (PRC). He served as China's paramount leader from 1949 until his death in 1976 primarily through his role as the Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Mao Zedong Thought, which he advocated as a Chinese adaptation of Marxism–Leninism, influenced movements and Maoist organizations worldwide. Born to a peasant family in Shaoshan, Hunan, Mao studied in Changsha and was influenced by the 1911 Revolution and ideas of Chinese nationalism and anti-imperialism. He was introduced to Marxism while working as a librarian at Peking Univers…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Mao Zedong's cult of personality was a prominent part of Chairman Mao Zedong's rule over the People's Republic of China from the state's founding in 1949 until his death in 1976. Mass media, propaganda and a series of other techniques were used by the state to elevate Mao Zedong's status to that of an infallible heroic leader, who could stand up against the West, and guide China to become a beacon of communism. Mao Zedong himself recognized a need for personality cult, blaming the fall of Khrushchev on the lack of such a cult. During the period of Cultural Revolution, Mao's personality cult soared to an unprecedented height, and he took advantage of it to mobilize the masses and attack his…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The Republic of China established its governance over mainland China on 1 January 1912 following the Xinhai Revolution, which overthrew the Manchu-led Qing dynasty and ended China's imperial history. The Beiyang government in Beijing was the internationally recognized government of the ROC from 1912 to 1928, with regional warlords occupying parts of the country after the death of Beiyang leader Yuan Shikai in 1916. In 1926, the Kuomintang (KMT) launched the Northern Expedition, which eventually reunified the country in 1928. The KMT established the Nationalist government and governed the ROC as a one-party state with Nanjing as the capital. In 1949, the KMT was defeated in the Chinese Civil…