pogoda: Precipitation

Evidence: 39 • authority: 72

The climate of France is the statistical distribution of conditions in the Earth's atmosphere over the national territory, based on the averages and variability of relevant quantities over a given period, the standard reference period defined by the World Meteorological Organization being 30 years. Climate characterization is based on annual and monthly statistical measurements of local atmospheric data: temperature, atmospheric pressure, precipitation, sunshine, humidity, wind speed. Recurrence and exceptional events are also taken into account. Located between latitudes 41° 19' N and 51° 04'N, metropolitan France is currently in the temperate zone, characterized by warm summers and modera…

Evidence: 27 • authority: 72

In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls from clouds due to gravitational pull. The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, rain and snow mixed ("sleet" in Commonwealth usage), snow, ice pellets, graupel and hail. Precipitation occurs when cloud particles become heavy enough that atmospheric motions are insufficient to keep them aloft, such that they "precipitate" or fall. Thus, fog and mist are not precipitation; their water vapor does not condense sufficiently to precipitate, so fog and mist do not fall. (Such a non-precipitating combination is a colloid.) Two processes, possibly acting together, can lead to air beco…

Evidence: 25 • authority: 72

The climate of Seattle is temperate, classified in the warm-summer (in contrast to hot-summer) subtype of the Mediterranean zone by the most common climate classification (Köppen: Csb) although some sources put the city in the oceanic zone (Trewartha: Do). It has cool, wet winters and warm, dry summers, covering characteristics of both. The climate is sometimes characterized as a "modified Mediterranean" climate because it is cooler and wetter than a "true" Mediterranean climate, but shares the characteristic dry summer and the associated reliance upon cooler-season precipitation (which has a strong influence on the region's vegetation). The city is part of USDA hardiness zone 9a, with surr…

Evidence: 20 • authority: 72

Climate of Peru describes the diverse climates of this large South American country with an area of 1,285,216 km2 (496,225 sq mi). Peru is located entirely in the tropics but features desert and mountain climates as well as tropical rainforests. Elevations above sea level in the country range from −37 to 6,778 m (−121 to 22,238 ft) and precipitation ranges from less than 20 mm (0.79 in) annually to more than 8,000 mm (310 in). There are three main climatic regions: the Pacific Ocean coast is one of the driest deserts in the world but with some unique features; the high Andes mountains have a variety of microclimates depending on elevation and exposure and with temperatures and precipitation…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

South Korea is located in East Asia, on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula located out from the far east of the Asian landmass. The only country that shares a land border with South Korea is North Korea, lying to the north with 238 kilometres (148 mi) of the border running along the Korean Demilitarized Zone. South Korea is mostly surrounded by water and has 2,413 kilometres (1,499 mi) of coastline along three seas: to the west is the Yellow Sea (called Sohae Korean: 서해; Hanja: 西海; in South Korea, literally means "west sea"), to the south is the East China Sea, and to the east is the Sea of Japan (called Donghae Korean: 동해; Hanja: 東海; in South Korea, literally means "east sea"). G…

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Table 1: Surface, elevation, annual average temperature, precipitation, and percentage of land use and land cover of the physiographic regions of Jalisco (Cruz-Sáenz et al., 2017).

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Spatiotemporal interaction of tef head smudge disease (Curvularia spp.) and tef (Eragrostis tef) in the Western Amhara Region, Ethiopia, under the moderate (SSP245) and extreme (SSP285) climate change scenarios.. Tef is an important food security orphan crop in the Western Amhara Region, Ethiopia. However, its production is constrained by tef head smudge disease caused by Curvularia spp. Therefore, this study aims to model the spatiotemporal dynamics of tef head smudge disease and tef, as well as their spatiotemporal interaction. Therefore, this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the current and projected geographic distribution of tef head smudge disease and tef by 2050 and 2070 u…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

A city-year dataset of residual-based tail physical climate risk for Chinese cities, 1973 to 2024.. This article describes a city-year dataset of residual-based tail physical climate risk for Chinese cities from 1973 to 2024. The released panel covers 368 prefecture-level cities and 19,136 city-year observations built from 6981,696 harmonized city-day records. The dataset is constructed from harmonized daily precipitation and temperature records and provides standardized annual indices of distributional tail risk for precipitation and temperature at the city level. For each city, the daily series are reduced to seasonal residuals by removing a low-order Fourier climatology in day of year, w…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Plant community responses to climate change in the Zayandeh-Rud Basin, Iran: Does woody plant encroachment follow global patterns?. Arid and semi-arid ecosystems are highly sensitive to climate warming and drying, yet community-level responses in the Middle East remain poorly quantified. This study assesses the potential impacts of climate change on plant community distributions in the Zayandeh-Rud basin, central Iran, and evaluates whether woody plant encroachment follows global patterns. Species distribution models were applied to project current and future (2050 and 2070) distributions of major vegetation communities, including Semi Steppe-Shrub, Semi Steppe-Perennial Herbaceous, Alpine…