zwierzęta: Genetically modified organism

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. The exact definition of a genetically modified organism and what constitutes genetic engineering varies, with the most common being an organism altered in a way that "does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination". A wide variety of organisms have been genetically modified (GM), including animals, plants, and microorganisms. Genetic modification can include the introduction of new genes or enhancing, altering, or knocking out endogenous genes. In some genetic modifications, genes are transferred within the same species, across species (creatin…

Evidence: 50 • authority: 92

Advances in Genes Associated with Straw Degradation in Rice.. Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) generates approximately 300 million tons of straw annually worldwide, and efficient degradation and valorization remain critical bottlenecks for sustainable agriculture. Straw degradability is fundamentally constrained by cell wall recalcitrance, which is determined by the composition and architecture of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, each under genetic regulation. This review proposes a three-parameter analytical framework, including cellulose crystallinity, hemicellulose side-chain modification, and lignin monomer composition and cross-linking density, to systematically assess the regulatory role…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 92

Genetically Modified and Gene-Edited Organisms-Objectives, Public Perception and Applications.. Genetic modification and genome editing have become important tools in agriculture, animal production, biotechnology, and human medicine, but their safety and societal acceptance remain subjects of debate. This review examines genetically modified (GM) and gene-edited organisms, distinguishing transgenesis from precision genome editing technologies, including CRISPR/Cas9, base editing, and prime editing. Representative applications in crops, livestock, pharmaceutical production, and xenotransplantation are discussed, together with their regulatory framework and public perception. Current scientif…

Evidence: 58 • authority: 72

Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is the modification and manipulation of an organism's genes using technology. It is a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms. New DNA is obtained by either isolating and copying the genetic material of interest using recombinant DNA methods or by artificially synthesising the DNA. A construct is usually created and used to insert this DNA into the host organism. The first recombinant DNA molecule was designed by Paul Berg in 1972 by combining DNA from the monkey virus SV40 with the…

Evidence: 50 • authority: 72

CRISPR gene editing (; pronounced like "crisper"; an abbreviation for "clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats") is a genetic engineering technique in molecular biology by which the genomes of living organisms may be modified. It is based on a simplified version of the bacterial CRISPR-Cas9 antiviral defense system. By delivering the Cas9 nuclease complexed with a synthetic guide RNA (gRNA) into a cell, the cell's genome can be cut at a desired location, allowing existing genes to be removed or new ones added in vivo ("within the living"). The technique is considered highly significant in biotechnology and medicine as it enables in vivo genome editing and is considered exc…

Evidence: 42 • authority: 80

Modification of potato starch composition by introduction and expression of bacterial branching enzyme genes

Evidence: 42 • authority: 80

Genetic modification of shade-avoidance: overexpression of homologous phytochrome genes in tomato

Evidence: 42 • authority: 80

Introduction to Genetic Modification

Evidence: 42 • authority: 92

FTO-mediated m6A modification suppresses acute pancreatitis by downregulating 1,2-dilinoleoyl-GPC (18:2/18:2): An integrated multi-omics mechanistic study.. The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis (AP), a common clinical emergency, is poorly understood. Previous studies have implicated N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in the pathogenesis of AP; however, the precise molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Whether metabolites participate in this process is also an important, unresolved question. To investigate the possible causal pathways, we integrated multi-omics data. We identified m6A related genes from literature and combined these genes with genetic summary statistics of AP, express…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Applications of Gene-Editing Technologies in Enhancing Crop Stress Resistance with Emphasis on Rice.. Gene-editing technology provides innovative strategies for coping with crop stress, enhancing resistance to biotic stresses (fungal, bacterial, viral infections) and abiotic stresses (salinity, drought, heavy metals, temperature extremes). The CRISPR/Cas9 system is widely used to knock out susceptibility genes, activate resistance genes, or modulate stress-response genes, yielding many stress-resistant crop varieties. However, off-target effects, chimeric effects, and the complexity of multi-gene synergistic editing limit its application. By optimizing and integrating with other cutting-edg…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Alteration of BIN2-like1 interactions with HY5 and BZR1 may help to create ideal plant architecture in Brassica napus L.. BIN2-LIKE1 genes encode glycogen synthase kinase 3-like (GSK3-LIKE) proteins that suppress brassinosteroid (BR) signaling, with crucial effects on plant architecture and agronomic traits. We isolated a gain-of-function gene (BnaC04.BIL1 Mut ) in Brassica napus that may improve crop production by increasing planting density, enhancing lodging resistance, and facilitating mechanized harvest. To explore strategies for exploiting BnaC04.BIL1 Mut for genetic improvement, we analyzed its function along with key upstream genes (BnaHY5) and downstream transcription factor genes…