transport: Rogue wave

Evidence: 79 • authority: 72

In physical oceanography, the significant wave height (SWH, HTSGW or Hs) is defined traditionally as the mean wave height (trough to crest) of the highest third of the waves (H1/3). It is usually defined as four times the standard deviation of the surface elevation – or equivalently as four times the square root of the zeroth-order moment (area) of the wave spectrum. The symbol Hm0 is usually used for that latter definition. The significant wave height (Hs) may thus refer to Hm0 or H1/3; the difference in magnitude between the two definitions is only a few percent. SWH is used to characterize sea state, including winds and swell.

Evidence: 45 • authority: 88

An Empirical Model for Skillful Rogue Wave Forecasts. Abstract One of the leading goals of rogue wave research is to develop a robust rogue wave warning system to mitigate the danger they pose. One such system has been developed by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), called the freak wave warning system (FWWS), based on nonlinear wave effects. The FWWS predicts maximum expected wave envelope height as a risk parameter for forecasts. Recently, a data-driven alternative has been proposed by Häfner et al., which was distilled from a neural network using wave buoy observations. However, it has yet to be evaluated by a spectral wave model for application to operationa…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 92

Propagation of solitary waves for hydrodynamical nonlinear complex model in a fractional derivative setting.. This study investigates soliton solutions and dynamic wave behaviors in the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation, a model that plays a central role in describing diverse physical phenomena such as superconductivity, nonlinear optical fibers, liquid crystals, second-order phase transitions, and field theory strings. To derive closed-form solutions, we employ two advanced analytical techniques: the new rational extended sinh-Gordon equation expansion method (ShGEEM) and the modified generalized exponential rational function method (mGERFM). These methods yield a wide range of solitonic st…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 92

Prediction of freak waves from buoy measurements.. Freak or rogue waves are a danger to ships, offshore infrastructure, and other maritime equipment. Reliable rogue wave forecasts could mitigate this risk for operations at sea. While the occurrence of oceanic rogue waves at sea is generally acknowledged, reliable rogue wave forecasts are unavailable. In this paper, the authors seek to overcome this shortcoming by demonstrating how rogue waves can be predicted from field measurements. An extensive buoy data set consisting of billions of waves is utilized to parameterize neural networks. This network is trained to distinguish waves prior to an extreme wave from waves which are not followed by…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 92

Some novel optical pulses in hydrodynamical nonlinear complex equation using M-truncated fractional derivative.. This study investigates soliton solutions and dynamic wave structures in the complex Ginzburg-Landau (CGL) equation, which is crucial for understanding wave propagation in various physical systems. We employ three analytical methods: the Kumar-Malik method, the generalized Arnous method, and the energy balance method to derive novel closed-form solutions. These solutions exhibit diverse solitonic phenomena, including multi-wave solitons, complex solitons, singular solitons, periodic oscillating waves, dark-wave, and bright-wave profiles. Our results reveal new families of exact s…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 72

A tsunami ( (t)soo-NAH-mee, (t)suu-; from Japanese: 津波, lit. 'harbour wave', pronounced [tsɯnami]) is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, underwater explosions, landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. Unlike normal ocean waves, which are generated by wind, or tides, which are in turn generated by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun, a tsunami is generated by the displacement of water from a large event. Tsunami waves do not resemble normal undersea currents or…

Evidence: — • authority: 88

A global gridded dataset of significant wave height via fusion of multi-mission altimetry and numerical hindcast. Abstract. Satellite altimeters provide long-term, high-accuracy observations of significant wave height (SWH) over the global ocean. However, their sparse spatial and temporal sampling introduces undersampling errors in wave climate analyses. Direct gridding of multi-mission altimeter data through spatiotemporal interpolation still results in low-accuracy global SWH fields due to this limitation. To overcome this challenge, we use SWH outputs from a WAVEWATCH III hindcast as a background field and apply an offline post-fusion with along-track, jointly calibrated altimeter observ…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

computational models for oceanography , meteorology and other fields where fluid dynamics are relevant Significant wave height – The mean wave height of the highest

Evidence: — • authority: 88

Surface currents and significant wave height gradients: matching numerical models and high-resolution altimeter wave heights in the Agulhas current region. Advances in the understanding and modelling of surface currents have revealed the importance of mesoscale and submesoscale features. These features should have a large influence on wind waves, and in particular wave heights are expected to be modified by refraction. Still, the quantitative impact of currents on waves is not well known due to the complexity of the random wave fields and currents that are found in the ocean, and the lack of observations of both currents and waves at scales shorter than 150 km. Here we combine novel satelli…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

the vessel. rogue wave Any unusually large wave for a given sea state; formally, a wave whose height is more than twice the significant wave height of that

Evidence: — • authority: 88

Why significant wave height and rogue wavesare so defined: a possible explanation. Data analysis has shown that if we want to describe the wavepattern by a single characteristic, the best characteristic is the average heightof the highest one third of the waves; this characteristic is called significantwave height. Once we know the value of this characteristic, a natural nextquestion is: what is the highest wave that we should normally observe - sothat waves higher than this amount would be rare (“rogue”). Empirically, ithas been shown that rogue waves are best defined as the ones which are atleast twice higher than the significant wave height. In this paper, we providea possible theoretica…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

sneaker wave . In oceanography , rogue waves are more precisely defined as waves whose heights are more than twice the significant wave height (Hs or SWH)