psy: Seizure

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

A seizure is a sudden disruption of brain activity caused by excessive, synchronized neuronal firing that results in changes in behavior. This neurological condition is common, affecting approximately 50 million individuals around the world. Depending on the regions of the brain involved, seizures can lead to changes in movement, sensation, behavior, awareness, or consciousness. Symptoms vary widely. Some seizures involve subtle changes, such as brief lapses in attention or awareness (as seen in absence seizures), while others cause generalized convulsions with loss of consciousness (tonic–clonic seizures). Most seizures last less than two minutes and are followed by a postictal period of c…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 92

Entropy of the resting state cortex in epilepsy.. Epilepsy has long been conceptualized as a disorder in which aberrant brain dynamics extend beyond the epileptogenic zone. Evidence demonstrates that loss of entropy is a generic feature of pathological dynamics in the brain, including the ictal state. However, the impact of recurrent seizures on entropy in the interictal state remains unknown. Resting state magnetoencephalography (MEG) scans and resection masks of 32 individuals with epilepsy who had Engel I outcome post-surgery were retrospectively retrieved. Using co-registered FreeSurfer parcellations, we reconstructed the source localized MEG time series and computed sample entropy (SE)…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 72

The ten-percent-of-the-brain myth states that humans generally use only one-tenth (or some other small fraction) of their brains. It has been misattributed to many famous scientists and historical figures, notably Albert Einstein. By extrapolation, it is suggested that a person may 'harness' or 'unlock' this unused potential and increase their intelligence. Changes in grey and white matter following new experiences and learning have been shown, but it has not yet been proven what the changes are. The popular notion that large parts of the brain remain unused, and could subsequently be "activated", rests in folklore and not science. Though specific mechanisms regarding brain function remain…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 72

Epilepsy is a group of neurological disorders characterized by a tendency for recurrent, unprovoked seizures. A seizure is a sudden burst of abnormal electrical activity in the brain that can cause a variety of symptoms, ranging from brief lapses of awareness or muscle jerks to prolonged convulsions. These episodes can result in physical injuries, either directly, such as broken bones, or through causing accidents. The diagnosis of epilepsy typically requires at least two unprovoked seizures occurring more than 24 hours apart. In some cases, it may be diagnosed after a single unprovoked seizure if clinical evidence suggests a high risk of recurrence. Isolated seizures that occur without rec…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 92

Seizure recruitment properties are dependent upon dynamotype: A modeling study.. Seizure propagation - how epileptogenic brain tissue recruits less excitable tissue - is poorly understood. Previous studies have used dynamical modeling to study seizure propagation and to create patient-specific whole-brain models of seizure spread. However, these studies focused on seizures of a single dynamotype (onset and offset bifurcation pair). Here, we implement a novel coupling method to investigate seizure propagation in a diverse array of dynamotypes. We utilize the Multiclass Epileptor, a recently proposed model that captures a wide range of seizure dynamotypes in a cortical mass ("node"). We consi…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

An altered state of consciousness (ASC), also called an altered state of mind, altered mental status (AMS), mind alteration, or an altered state of awareness, is a condition significantly different from ordinary waking consciousness, in which normal consciousness is suspended, replaced, or otherwise altered. Such alterations in mental state are generally temporary and are commonly induced, although in the broadest sense sleep itself constitutes an altered state of consciousness. The term is more commonly applied to induced states, ranging from those produced by drugs to those arising through meditation practices. Debate has concerned whether the various induced states are fundamentally iden…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Consciousness is being aware of something internal to one's self, or of states or objects in one's external environment. It has been the topic of extensive explanations, analyses, and debate among philosophers, scientists, and theologians for millennia. There is no consensus on what exactly needs to be studied, or whether consciousness can be considered a scientific concept. In some explanations it is synonymous with mind, while in others it is considered an aspect of it. In the past, consciousness meant one's "inner life": the world of introspection, private thought, imagination, and volition. Today, it often includes various forms of cognition, experience, feeling, or perception. It may b…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

In the field of neurology, seizure types refer to clinically and electrographically defined categories of seizures, based on observable features, underlying mechanisms, and diagnostic findings. A seizure is a paroxysmal episode of altered behavior, sensation, awareness, or autonomic function resulting from abnormal, excessive, or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Distinguishing between seizure types is important because different types of seizures may have different causes, outcomes, and treatments. The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) is the primary body responsible for defining seizure classifications, and the most recent system was published in 2025.

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Focal seizures are seizures that originate within brain networks limited to one hemisphere of the brain. In most cases, each seizure type has a consistent site of onset and characteristic patterns of spread, although some individuals experience more than one type of focal seizure arising from distinct networks. Seizure activity may remain localized or propagate to the opposite hemisphere. Symptoms will vary according to where the seizure occurs. When seizures occur in the frontal lobe, the patient may experience a wave-like sensation in the head. When seizures occur in the temporal lobe, a feeling of déjà vu may be experienced. When seizures are localized to the parietal lobe, a numbness or…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Brain injury, also known as brain damage or neurotrauma, is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells. It may result from external trauma, such as accidents or falls, or from internal factors, such as strokes, infections, or metabolic disorders. Traumatic brain injury (TBI), the most common type of brain injury, is typically caused by external physical trauma to the head. Acquired brain injuries occur after birth, in contrast to congenital brain injuries that patients are born with. In addition, brain injuries can be classified by timing: primary injuries occur at the moment of trauma, while secondary injuries develop afterward due to physiological responses. They can also be categoriz…

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Table 3: ASMR-induced EEG changes: brain bands and regions.

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Prevention of kainic acid seizures-induced changes in levels of nitric oxide and high-energy phosphates by 7-nitroindazole in rat brain regions