archeologia: Scotland during the Roman Empire

Evidence: 63 • authority: 72

Roman Britain was the territory that became the Roman province of Britannia after the Roman conquest of Britain, consisting of a large part of the island of Great Britain. The occupation lasted from 43 AD to 410 AD. Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar in 55 and 54 BC as part of the Gallic Wars. According to Caesar, the Britons had been overrun or culturally assimilated by the Belgae during the British Iron Age and had been aiding Caesar's enemies. The Belgae were the only Celtic tribe to cross the sea into Britain, for to all other Celtic tribes this land was unknown. Caesar received tribute, installed the Celtic king Mandubracius over the Trinovantes, and returned to Gaul. Planned invasio…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 72

The Roman Empire conquered most of the island of Britain, which was inhabited by the Celtic Britons. It began in earnest in AD 43 under Emperor Claudius, and was largely completed in the southern half of Britain (most of what is now called England and Wales) by AD 87, when the Stanegate was established. The conquered territory became the Roman province of Britannia. Following Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain in 54 BC, some southern British chiefdoms had become allies of the Romans. The exile of their ally Verica gave the Romans a pretext for invasion. The Roman army was recruited in Italia, Hispania, and Gaul and used the newly-formed fleet Classis Britannica. Under their general Aulus…

Evidence: 29 • authority: 72

Scotland during the Roman Empire refers to the protohistorical period during which the Roman Empire interacted within the area of modern Scotland. Despite sporadic attempts at conquest and government between the first and fourth centuries AD, most of modern Scotland, inhabited by the Caledonians and the Maeatae, was not incorporated into the Roman Empire with Roman control over the area fluctuating. In the Roman imperial period, the area of Caledonia lay north of the River Forth, while the area now called England was known as Britannia, the name also given to the Roman province roughly consisting of modern England and Wales and which replaced the earlier Ancient Greek designation as Albion.…

Evidence: 20 • authority: 88

War and Supply Scotland and the British Empire, 1914–67. This chapter covers the long history of the Scottish military within the British Army during the Second World War. It elaborates on the disbanding of the Scottish regiments as the British Empire retired west of Suez in the 1960s. Early generations of Nationalists had been global Scots who served the British Empire and became the first of Scotland's regionalization within the United Kingdom. Moreover, the increase in Scottish emigration overseas marked the final ages of the Empire and Scotland's natural increase in population. The chapter looks into the legacy of the Second World War and the Battle of Britain. In relation to the Scotti…

Evidence: 20 • authority: 72

The recorded history of Scotland begins with the arrival of the Roman Empire in the 1st century, when the province of Britannia reached the Antonine Wall. North of this was Caledonia, inhabited by the Picti, whose uprisings forced Rome's legions south to Hadrian's Wall. As Rome withdrew from Britain, a Gaelic tribe from Ireland called the Scoti began colonising Western Scotland. Before Roman times, prehistoric Scotland entered the Neolithic Era about 4000 BC, the Bronze Age about 2000 BC, and the Iron Age around 700 BC. The Gaelic kingdom of Dál Riata was founded on the west coast of Scotland in the 6th century. In the following century, Irish missionaries introduced the pagan Picts to Celt…