ciało-człowieka: Penguin

Evidence: 96 • authority: 72

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Evidence: 41 • authority: 92

A new tiny fossil penguin from the Late Oligocene of New Zealand and the morphofunctional transition of the penguin wing.. The Late Oligocene is a period of high penguin diversity, following major changes in the marine environment at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary and prior to the emergence of crown penguins in the Miocene. Historically, a large morphological gap existed between the most crownward Platydyptes among the Oligocene penguins from New Zealand and the Early Miocene stem penguins such as Palaeospheniscus from South America. Here we describe a new species that contributes to filling this gap. Pakudyptes hakataramea gen. et sp. nov. is the earliest tiny penguin, overlapping in size w…

Evidence: 38 • authority: 92

Evidence: 27 • authority: 80

Evidence: 27 • authority: 80

Evidence: 27 • authority: 72

The emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) is the tallest and heaviest of all living penguin species and is endemic to Antarctica. The male and female are similar in plumage and size, reaching 100 cm (39 in) in length and weighing from 22 to 45 kg (49 to 99 lb). Feathers of the head and back are black and sharply delineated from the white belly, pale-yellow breast and bright-yellow ear patches. Like all species of penguin, the emperor is flightless, with a streamlined body, and wings stiffened and flattened into flippers for a marine habitat. Its diet consists primarily of fish, but also includes crustaceans, such as krill, and cephalopods, such as squid. While hunting, the species can rema…

Evidence: 27 • authority: 80

Evidence: 24 • authority: 92

Evidence: 20 • authority: 92

Endangered bowhead whales might buffer climate change with individual variability in movement patterns.. Assessing the vulnerability of species to global climate change and their capacity for resilience is a central challenge in ecology. Responses are variable and difficult to predict but understanding the resilience of intrinsically vulnerable species is necessary for management of natural populations. Bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) have recovered from historical over-exploitation in several Arctic regions. However, the East Greenland-Svalbard-Barents Sea (EGSB) population remains endangered, with little known about their habitat use, foraging ecology, or potential resilience. We anal…

Evidence: 20 • authority: 92

An Antarctic ecosystem value index to quantify ecological value across trophic levels and over time.. The Southern Ocean around Antarctica is one of the fastest changing regions on the planet and an emerging resource frontier for fisheries. Here, we present the Antarctic Ecosystem Value Index created by merging ecosystem information across food web trophic levels, from phytoplankton to fish and penguins, to quantify the ecological value of marine areas around the Antarctic continent. We find that coastal polynyas - areas of reduced sea-ice - have Index values 31-72% higher than surrounding areas, suggesting that these areas are biologically valuable hot spots for a number of ice-dependent A…

Evidence: 20 • authority: 80