najbardziej-odległe: Thailand

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

The Thonburi Kingdom was a major Siamese kingdom which existed in Southeast Asia from 1767 to 1782, centred on the city of Thonburi, in Siam or present-day Thailand. The kingdom was founded by Taksin, who reunited Siam following the collapse of the Ayutthaya Kingdom, which saw the country separate into five warring regional states. The Thonburi Kingdom oversaw the rapid reunification and reestablishment of Siam as a preeminient military power within mainland Southeast Asia, overseeing the country's expansion to its greatest territorial extent up to that point in its history, incorporating Lan Na, the Laotian kingdoms (Luang Phrabang, Vientiane, Champasak), and Cambodia under the Siamese sph…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Phutthayotfa Chulalok (born Thongduang; 20 March 1737 – 7 September 1809), posthumously honoured as King Phutthayotfa Chulalok the Great, also known by his regnal name Rama I, was the founder of the Rattanakosin Kingdom (now Thailand) and the first King of Siam from the reigning Chakri dynasty. He ascended the throne in 1782, following the deposition of King Taksin of Thonburi. He was also celebrated as the founder of Rattanakosin (now Bangkok) as the new capital of the reunited kingdom. Rama I, whose given name was Thongduang, was born from a Mon male line descent family, great-grandson of Kosa Pan. His father served in the royal court of the Ayutthaya Kingdom. Thongduang and his younger b…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Taksin the Great or the King of Thonburi (17 April 1734 – 7 April 1782) was a Thai Chinese general who became the only King of Thonburi that ruled Siam from 1767 to 1782. Taksin had been an aristocrat in the Ayutthaya Kingdom and then was a major leader during the liberation of Siam from Burmese occupation after the Second Fall of Ayutthaya in 1767, and the subsequent unification of Siam after it fell under various warlords. He established the city of Thonburi as the new capital, as the city of Ayutthaya had been almost completely destroyed by the invaders. His reign was characterized by numerous wars; he fought to repel new Burmese invasions and to subjugate the northern Thai kingdom of La…

Evidence: 33 • authority: 72

The siege of Ayutthaya in 1766–1767, also known as the Fall of Ayutthaya and Sack of Ayutthaya, was a part of the Burmese–Siamese War (1765–1767), in which King Hsinbyushin of the Burmese Konbaung dynasty sent his generals Maha Nawrahta and Ne Myo Thihapate to conquer the Siamese Kingdom of Ayutthaya. After conquering and subjugating Siamese peripheral cities, the two Burmese invading columns converged onto and reached the royal city of Ayutthaya in January 1766. Unable to halt Burmese advances at the frontiers, the Siamese were obliged to take defensive positions in the fortified city of Ayutthaya. By February 1766, the Burmese laid siege to Ayutthaya and approached the city walls of Ayutt…

Evidence: 33 • authority: 88

The emergence and development of the Thonburi Kingdom in the context of the Chinese Era, 1727-1782. The period between the mid-eighteenth and nineteenth century was an era of dyamic commercial expansion in Southeast Asia and a peak period of Chinese mirration into Southeast Asia. The major factor for this phenomenon was the expansion of the Chinese commerce after the imperial ban was lifted in 1727. Several new political and economic centers in mainland Southeast Asia were emerged from that economic movement and one of them was the Thonburi Kingdom. This research sims to reexamines the history of the Thonburi period under the argument that the Thonburi Kingdom emerged and gain significant e…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Phutthaloetla Naphalai (born Chim; 24 February 1767 or 1768 – 21 July 1824), also known by his regnal name Rama II, was the second King of Rattanakosin from the Chakri dynasty, ruling from 1809 to 1824. In 1809, as Prince Itsarasunthon, he succeeded his father Rama I, the founder of the Chakri dynasty, to become Loetlanaphalai, King of Siam. His reign was largely peaceful, devoid of major conflicts. His reign was known as the "Golden Age of Rattanakosin Literature" as Loetlanaphalai was patron to a number of poets in his court, and the King himself was a renowned poet and artist. The most notable poet in his employ was the illustrious Sunthorn Phu, the author of Phra Aphai Mani. The rapid g…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The Chakri dynasty, unofficially the House of Chakri, is the current reigning dynasty of the Kingdom of Thailand. The head of the house is the king, who is head of state. The family has ruled Thailand since the founding of the Rattanakosin era and the city of Bangkok in 1782; following the end of Taksin's reign, when the capital of Siam shifted to Bangkok. The dynasty was founded by Rama I, a former military leader of the Thonburi Kingdom who came from the old Ayutthaya elite. Prior to his accession to the throne, Rama I held for years the title Chakri, the civil chancellor. In founding the dynasty, the king himself chose "Chakri" as the name for it. The emblem of the house is composed of t…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Xiān (Chinese: 暹), rendered in Thai as Siam (Thai: สยาม), is the name by which Chinese and Vietnamese records of the 12th to 14th centuries designated one or more polities in the lower Chao Phraya basin. Rather than a single centralised kingdom, Yoneo Ishii proposed that Chinese usage covered several maritime-oriented port polities around the present Bay of Bangkok, naming Ayodhya, Suphan Buri and probably Ligor. Phrip Phri sent embassies to the Yuan court in its own name, and Nakhon Si Thammarat was reckoned as Siamese from the late 13th century. These polities emerged on the western Chao Phraya plain after the decline of Dvaravati in the 11th century and are treated as successors of Qiān…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The Burmese–Siamese War of 1765–1767, also known as the War of the Second Fall of Ayutthaya (Thai: สงครามคราวเสียกรุงศรีอยุธยาครั้งที่สอง) was the second military conflict between Burma under the Konbaung dynasty and Ayutthaya Kingdom under the Siamese Ban Phlu Luang dynasty that lasted from 1765 until 1767; the war ended the 417-year-old Ayutthaya Kingdom. Burma under the new Konbaung dynasty emerged powerful in the mid-18th century. King Alaungpaya, the dynastic founder, led his Burmese forces of 40,000 men, and with his son Prince of Myedu as vanguard commander, invaded Siam in late 1759 to early 1760. The Burmese reached and attacked Ayutthaya in April 1760 but the arrival of rainy seas…

Evidence: — • authority: 65