konserwowanie: Human brain

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The human brain is the central organ of the nervous system, and with the spinal cord, comprises the central nervous system. It consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum. The brain controls most of the activities of the body, processing, integrating, and coordinating the information it receives from the sensory nervous system. The brain integrates sensory information and coordinates instructions sent to the rest of the body. The cerebrum, the largest part of the human brain, consists of two cerebral hemispheres. Each hemisphere has an inner core composed of white matter, and an outer surface – the cerebral cortex – composed of grey matter. The cortex has an outer layer, the…

Evidence: 90 • authority: 72

The cerebrum (pl.: cerebra), telencephalon or endbrain is the largest part of the brain, containing the cerebral cortex (of the two cerebral hemispheres) as well as several subcortical structures, including the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and olfactory bulb. In the human brain, the cerebrum is the uppermost region of the central nervous system. The cerebrum develops prenatally from the forebrain (prosencephalon). In mammals, the dorsal telencephalon, or pallium, develops into the cerebral cortex, and the ventral telencephalon, or subpallium, becomes the basal ganglia. The cerebrum is also divided into approximately symmetric left and right cerebral hemispheres. With the assistance of the ce…

Evidence: 59 • authority: 92

Arterial supply of the interpeduncular part of the human oculomotor nerve.. The aim of this study was a detailed examination of the arterial vascularization of the interpeduncular cisternal part (ICP) of a proximal segment of the human oculomotor nerve (ON). The blood vessels of the ONs were carefully microdissected and studied in 30 brain hemispheres using 6.3× to 20× magnification of the stereoscopic microscope. The arteries were injected with the mixture of 10% India ink and gelatin. For better understanding, one brainstem specimen was prepared following a histological procedure, transversely serially cut into 5-μm thick slices, and stained with Luxol fast blue. Another injected midbrain…

Evidence: 59 • authority: 72

The midbrain or mesencephalon is the uppermost portion of the brainstem connecting the diencephalon and cerebrum with the pons. It consists of the cerebral peduncles, tegmentum, and tectum. It is functionally associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep and wakefulness, arousal (alertness), and temperature regulation. The name mesencephalon comes from the Greek mesos, "middle", and enkephalos, "brain".

Evidence: 59 • authority: 72

The following diagram is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the human nervous system: The human nervous system is the part of the body that coordinates a person's voluntary and involuntary actions and transmits signals between different parts of the body. The human nervous system consists of two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord. The PNS consists mainly of nerves, which are long fibers that connect the CNS to every other part of the body. The PNS includes motor neurons, mediating voluntary movement; the autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic nervous system and the parasy…

Evidence: 58 • authority: 80

Trajectories of cholinergic pathways within the cerebral hemispheres of the human brain

Evidence: 58 • authority: 80

Cerebrum: Function Of The Largest Part Of The Human Brain

Evidence: 49 • authority: 92

Three-dimensional microsurgical anatomy of the cerebral hemisphere from medial to lateral: a fiber-dissection study.. Background Accurate exposure of lesions on the medial cerebral hemisphere remains technically challenging, and current imaging cannot fully depict the subcortical intricate architecture extending from the medial surface outward. Although portions of this anatomy have been described, a comprehensive topographic characterization from medial to lateral is still lacking. Objectives To provide a systematic, layer-by-layer topographic analysis of the white-matter fiber tracts and deep gray-matter nuclei from the medial surface to the lateral convexity of the cerebral hemisphere by…

Evidence: 49 • authority: 72

The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. It consists of nervous tissue and is typically located in the head (cephalization), usually near organs for special senses such as vision, hearing, and olfaction. Being the most specialized organ, it is responsible for receiving information from the sensory nervous system, processing that information (thought, cognition, and intelligence) and the coordination of motor control (muscle activity) and the endocrine system. While invertebrate brains arise from paired segmental ganglia (each of which is only responsible for the respective body segment) of the ventral nerve cord,…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Description of the koala (<i>Phascolarctos cinereus</i>) brain based on magnetic resonance images.. Introduction Australia's native fauna is unique through millions of years of isolated evolution resulting in a significant divergence of marsupial brain anatomy, and thus neural pathways, from eutherian mammals. This study provides a morphometric description of a mature female koala ( Phascolarctos cinereus ) through segmentation of high-resolution magnetic resonance images. As the availability of brain specimens of the endangered koala is scarce, brain segmentation has been performed on a single specimen. Methods The brain of a naturally deceased koala was removed and fixed in 10…

Evidence: — • authority: 92

Seven hundred years after Mondino de Luzzi (1275-1326): method and observation in medieval neuroanatomy.. Abstract The present paper reexamines the contribution of Mondino de Luzzi (1275-1326) beyond his well-known association with the reintroduction of human dissection in medieval medicine. Focusing on ventricular theory, it explores how Mondino's teaching brought traditional descriptions of the brain into closer contact with the observation of the human body through public dissection. Although his work remained firmly rooted in Galenic and Avicennian traditions, the association of cerebral ventricles with identifiable bodily structures indirectly rendered established doctrines less purely…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

The longitudinal fissure (or cerebral fissure, great longitudinal fissure, median longitudinal fissure, interhemispheric fissure) is the deep groove that separates the two cerebral hemispheres of the vertebrate brain. Lying within it is a continuation of the dura mater (one of the meninges) called the falx cerebri. The inner surfaces of the two hemispheres are convoluted by gyri and sulci just as is the outer surface of the brain.