najbardziej-odległe: Space stations and habitats in fiction

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The concepts of space stations and space habitats feature in science fiction. The difference between the two is that habitats are larger and more complex structures intended as permanent homes for substantial populations (though generation ships also fit this description, they are usually not considered space habitats as they are heading for a destination), but the line between the two is fuzzy with significant overlap and the term space station is sometimes used for both concepts. The first such artificial satellite in fiction was Edward Everett Hale's "The Brick Moon" in 1869, a sphere of bricks 61 meters across accidentally launched into orbit around the Earth with people still onboard.

Evidence: 32 • authority: 72

A space station (or orbital station) is a spacecraft which remains in orbit and hosts humans for extended periods of time. It is therefore an artificial satellite featuring habitation facilities. The purpose of maintaining a space station varies depending on the program. Most often space stations have been research stations, but they have also served military or commercial uses, such as hosting space tourists. Space stations have been hosting the only continuous presence of humans in space. The first space station was Salyut 1 (1971), which hosted the first crew of the ill-fated Soyuz 11. Consecutively space stations have been operated since Skylab (1973) and occupied since 1987 with the Sa…

Evidence: — • authority: 88

Sputunik 1: The First Artificial Earth Satellite. Abstract Humanity's leap into space was one of the greatest scientific achievements of the twentieth century. However, one of the ironies of history is that this great scientific and engineering achievement was largely facilitated by the Cold War between the two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union. In the late 1950s, the United States held a significant advantage over the Soviet Union in number of nuclear warheads and capability to eliminate the most important strategic facilities on its enemy's territory. Although the Soviet Union already had nuclear weapons, it did not have second‐strike capability because it did not have a…

Evidence: — • authority: 80

<scp>SPUTNIK</scp> (The First Artificial Earth Satellite)

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Artificial satellites are human-made spacecraft placed into orbit around Earth or another celestial body. They are distinct from natural satellites such as moons, and from space probes that travel beyond Earth orbit or between planetary bodies. Artificial satellites operate as part of wider satellite systems that may include a satellite bus, payload, ground segment, launch vehicle, tracking network, and regulatory framework. Artificial satellites are used for communications, navigation, Earth observation, weather monitoring, scientific research, military support, intelligence gathering, astronomy, and technology demonstration. They occupy many types of orbits, including low Earth orbit, med…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

A satellite or an artificial satellite is an object, typically a spacecraft, placed into orbit around a celestial body. They have a variety of uses, including communication relay, weather forecasting, navigation (GPS), broadcasting, scientific research, and Earth observation. Additional military uses are reconnaissance, early warning, signals intelligence and, potentially, weapon delivery. Other satellites include the final rocket stages that place satellites in orbit and formerly useful satellites that later become defunct. Except for passive satellites, most satellites have an electricity generation system for equipment on board, such as solar panels or radioisotope thermoelectric generat…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

"The Brick Moon" is a novella by American writer Edward Everett Hale, published serially in the magazine The Atlantic Monthly in 1869. It is a work of speculative fiction containing the first known fictional description of an artificial satellite (though in 1728 a publication by Isaac Newton included a description of Newton's cannonball, a hypothetical artificial object which is projected from a mountain, as a thought experiment to explain why natural satellites move as they do).