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zwierzęta: Hard problem of consciousness

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The easy problems are amenable to functional explanation—that is, explanations that are mechanistic or behavioural—since each physical system can be explained purely by reference to the "structure and dynamics" that underpin the phenomenon.
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In philosophy of mind, the hard problem of consciousness (or simply the hard problem) is to explain how and why organisms have qualia, phenomenal consciousness, or subjective experience. It is contrasted with the "easy problems" of explaining why and how physical systems give rise to the ability to discriminate, to integrate information, and to perform behavioural functions such as watching, listening, speaking (including generating an utterance that appears to refer to personal behaviour or belief), and so forth. The easy problems are amenable to functional explanation—that is, explanations that are mechanistic or behavioural—since each physical system can be explained purely by reference to the "structure and dynamics" that underpin the phenomenon. Proponents of the hard problem hold that it is categorically different from the easy problems since no mechanistic or behavioural explanation could explain the character of an experience, not even in principle. Even after all the relevant functional facts are explicated, they argue, there will still remain a further question: "Why is the performance of these functions accompanied by experience?" To bolster their case, proponents of the hard problem frequently turn to various philosophical thought experiments, involving philosophical zombies, or inverted qualia, or the ineffability of colour experiences, or the unknowability of for…
Kategoria: zwierzęta
Rodzina: zwierzęta
Jakość źródła: 65/100
Próby weryfikacji: 3
Notatka fact-checku: Fact-check 3.0-content-aware: no sufficient claim-bound corroboration after 3 healthy attempts. Scope=verify the factual claim. Required independent sources=2; stored evidence groups=0. Provider/API errors did not consume attempts. | Fact-check 4.3.2: research wznowiony bez zdejmowania HOLD. Poprzednia metoda: factcheck-300-content-aware. | Fact-check 4.3.2: research wznowiony bez zdejmowania HOLD. Poprzednia metoda: factcheck-weekly-research-432.

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Wikipedia ENpomocniczeniezależne

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

In philosophy of mind, the hard problem of consciousness (or simply the hard problem) is to explain how and why organisms have qualia, phenomenal consciousness, or subjective experience. It is contrasted with the "easy problems" of explaining why and how physical systems give rise to the ability to discriminate, to integrate information, and to perform behavioural functions such as watching, listening, speaking (including generating an utterance that appears to refer to personal behaviour or belief), and so forth. The easy problems are amenable to functional explanation—that is, explanations that are mechanistic or behavioural—since each physical system can be explained purely by reference…

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Europe PMC / Frontiers in psychologypomocniczeniezależne

Evidence: 36 • authority: 92

Life and experience as irreducible dimensions of nature.. Space and time are irreducible dimensions of nature-measurable but not derivable from anything more fundamental. Life and experience are here proposed as similarly irreducible dimensions. Together-sometimes referred to as lifeexperience to mark their inseparability-they constitute the dimensional ground from which emerges the Force of Experience-proposed as a candidate fifth fundamental force requiring further physical specification-whose causal reality is evidenced by the entirety of human civilization and all its products, for good and ill. Physics has failed to explain consciousness and life because it treats them as phenomena to…

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Springer Singaporepomocniczeniezależne

Evidence: 35 • authority: 80

Easy problems and the Hard problem of consciousness

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Oxford University Presspomocniczeniezależne

Evidence: 35 • authority: 80

From Functional Analysis to Mechanistic Explanation

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Europe PMC / Cellspomocniczeniezależne

Evidence: 35 • authority: 92

Sex Does Matter! The Influence of Sex on Outcomes of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS).. Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) produces heterogeneous outcomes across cognitive, behavioural, and clinical studies. Sex-related differences may contribute to this variability. Objective: This narrative review examined whether and how sex moderates tDCS outcomes across behavioural, physiological, clinical, and modelling studies and considered potential underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: A structured literature search identified studies examining sex, or variables reported by the original authors as gender but operationalised through female-male group co…

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