rośliny-i-grzyby: Brassicaceae

Evidence: 78 • authority: 72

Pieris oleracea, or more commonly known as the mustard white, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae native to a large part of Canada and the northeastern United States. The nearly all-white butterfly is often found in wooded areas or open plains. There are two seasonal forms, which make it distinct from other similar species. Because of climate change, populations are moving further north. As indicated by the common name, P. oleracea adults and larvae primarily feed on plants in the mustard family, Brassicaceae. The species is threatened by the rapid, and monoculture-forming, spread of the invasive species Alliaria petiolata, which is toxic to larvae. Populations of P. oleracea have been de…

Evidence: 56 • authority: 88

Effects of Intraspecific Density on Garlic Mustard (Alliaria Petiolata) Sinigrin Concentration. Abstract The production of secondary defense chemicals in plants represents a trade-off between defense and the primary functions of growth and reproduction, but the relative allocation to growth versus defense varies across species, types of defenses, ontogeny, and environment. Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) is a brassica that produces glucosinolates, a class of constituent secondary metabolites that defend against herbivores and pathogens. Sinigrin, a hydrolyzed product of glucosinolate present in garlic mustard, may aid in its success as an invasive species by disrupting native plant–myco…

Evidence: 56 • authority: 72

Alliaria petiolata, or garlic mustard, is a biennial flowering plant in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). It is native to Europe, western and central Asia, north-western Africa, Morocco, Iberia and the British Isles, north to northern Scandinavia, and east to northern Pakistan and Xinjiang in western China. It has now become a tenacious invasive plant across the northern U.S., in particular because of its earlier springtime emergence than many native species, often in the forest understory. In the first year of growth, plants form clumps of round, slightly wrinkled leaves, that when crushed smell like garlic. The plants flower in spring of the next year, producing cross-shaped white flower…

Evidence: 49 • authority: 92

Diversified glucosinolate metabolism: biosynthesis of hydrogen cyanide and of the hydroxynitrile glucoside alliarinoside in relation to sinigrin metabolism in Alliaria petiolata.. Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard, Brassicaceae) contains the glucosinolate sinigrin as well as alliarinoside, a γ-hydroxynitrile glucoside structurally related to cyanogenic glucosides. Sinigrin may defend this plant against a broad range of enemies, while alliarinoside confers resistance to specialized (glucosinolate-adapted) herbivores. Hydroxynitrile glucosides and glucosinolates are two classes of specialized metabolites, which generally do not occur in the same plant species. Administration of [UL-(14)C]-me…

Evidence: 49 • authority: 72

Brassicaceae () or (the older but equally valid) Cruciferae () is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous plants, while some are shrubs. The leaves are simple (although are sometimes deeply incised), lack stipules, and appear alternately on stems or in rosettes. The inflorescences are terminal and lack bracts. The flowers have four free sepals, four free alternating petals, two shorter free stamens and four longer free stamens. The fruit has seeds in rows, divided by a thin wall (or septum). As of 2023, the family was divided into two subfamilies, Brassicoideae and Aethione…

Evidence: 43 • authority: 80

Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard)

Evidence: 43 • authority: 80

<em>Alliaria petiolata</em> , garlic mustard

Evidence: 37 • authority: 92

Antitumor and cytotoxic activities of endophytic Enterobacter hormaechei derived secondary metabolites: In-vitro and In-silico study.. Anticancer therapies resistance, as well as their existing side effects, has become a significant issue worldwide. The demands of new anticancer agents that prevent cancer from developing and growing or spreading are increasing day by day. In this regard, our investigation assessed the cytotoxic and anticancer properties of secondary metabolites (SMs) obtained from understudied endophytic bacteria inhibiting Alliaria petiolata. The identified SMs were further screened by computational analysis against angiogenic factors of cancer. As a result, the leaf sampl…

Evidence: 37 • authority: 72

An ectomycorrhiza (from Ancient Greek ἐκτός (ektós) 'outside', μύκης (múkēs) 'fungus' and ῥίζα (rhíza) 'root'; abbreviated EcM; pl. ectomycorrhizae or ectomycorrhizas) is a form of symbiotic relationship that occurs between a fungal symbiont, or mycobiont, and the roots of various plant species. The mycobiont is often from the division Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, and more rarely from the Zygomycota. Ectomycorrhizae form on the roots of around 2% of plant species, usually woody plants, including species from the birch, dipterocarp, myrtle, beech, willow, pine and rose families. Research on ectomycorrhizae is increasingly important in areas such as ecosystem management and restoration, fore…

Evidence: 37 • authority: 72

Pieris virginiensis, the West Virginia white, is a butterfly found in North America in the Great Lakes states, along the Appalachians from New England to Alabama, and in southern Ontario. They are often found in moist deciduous forests. Forestry, development, and a highly-invasive species that it confuses with its host plant (Cardamine) are causing this species to decline. Two members of the Cardamine genus Cardamine diphylla and Cardamine concatenata are reported to be its host plants in Alabama. This small, white semi-transparent butterfly may have no yellowish tinge, but it can have tawny or gray color and hazy brown or pale gray color in the hindwing vein underside. There is only one ge…

Evidence: 37 • authority: 80

Investigating Seed Dispersal Distances And Long Distance Dispersal Mechanisms Of The Invasive Plant, Alliaria Petiolata

Evidence: 37 • authority: 92

Differences in gene expression and genetic variation underlying preference-performance mismatches: insights from a specialized native herbivore on an invasive toxic plant.. Specialist phytophagous insects have a narrow hostplant range for optimal development and survival. Mismatches between female oviposition preference and larval performance can lead to high fitness costs. Understanding the mechanistic basis of this decoupling can help us understand evolutionary constraints and aid in predicting outcomes of error-prone oviposition. We investigated the causes for preference-performance mismatches in a specialist native herbivore laying eggs on an invasive toxic plant. Transcriptomic analyse…