Pies: Obesity is the top health problem among dogs

Evidence: 35 • authority: 72

The horse body mass is highly variable, depending on breed, model, physiological state, condition, owner's purpose and usage of the animal. Always 65% to 75% water, it is divided on average between 50% muscle, 11% bone and 10% fat. Depending on whether it's a pony or a draft horse, it can range from less than 200 kg to over a ton, with an average of 500 kg for saddle horses. It also differs with the season, as horses are almost always fatter in summer than in winter. Various tools are used to estimate their weight and body condition, and veterinary scales have been created to determine whether a horse has an ideal body mass according to precise criteria. Thinness is associated with mistreat…

Evidence: 34 • authority: 90

Obesity, inflammation, and cancer in dogs: Review and perspectives. Obesity is the most common nutritional disease in dogs, and its prevalence has increased in recent decades. Several countries have demonstrated a prevalence of obesity in dogs similar to that observed in humans. Chronic low-grade inflammation is a prominent basis used to explain how obesity results in numerous negative health consequences. This is well known and understood, and recent studies have pointed to the association between obesity and predisposition to specific types of cancers and their complications. Such elucidations are important because, like obesity, the prevalence of cancer in dogs has increased in recent de…

Evidence: 29 • authority: 72

The cephalic index of a vertebrate is the ratio between the width (side to side) and length (front to back) of its cranium (skull). This ratio does not concern the muzzle or face, and thus is distinct from the craniofacial ratio, which compares the size of the cranium to the length of the muzzle. The two measures are often confused in descriptions of dog breeds. The cephalic index is used to classify animals into three groups: Brachycephalic (literally 'short-headed'): the length of the cranium is shorter than the width, giving the top and sides of the cranium a round shape, often referred to as 'apple-head'. Brachycephalic breeds in domestic animals are the result of severe artificial sele…

Evidence: 23 • authority: 90

Seeing obesity as a systems problem. Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in many countries and persists despite continuing efforts to find solutions. Such 'stubborn problems' often signal the influence of 'feedback systems'. In the case of the obesity epidemic, this possibility can be investigated using available system analysis tools. The investigation must begin with a study of the interplay between the full range of human and environmental factors. This paper outlines the nature of feedback and briefly discusses some of its management implications. A practical way to initiate a 'systems approach' to the obesity problem is suggested and four principles to guide the management of comp…

Evidence: 23 • authority: 90

The Effects of Nutrition on the Gastrointestinal Microbiome of Cats and Dogs: Impact on Health and Disease. The gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome of cats and dogs is increasingly recognized as a metabolically active organ inextricably linked to pet health. Food serves as a substrate for the GI microbiome of cats and dogs and plays a significant role in defining the composition and metabolism of the GI microbiome. The microbiome, in turn, facilitates the host's nutrient digestion and the production of postbiotics, which are bacterially derived compounds that can influence pet health. Consequently, pet owners have a role in shaping the microbiome of cats and dogs through the food they choose t…

Evidence: 23 • authority: 92

Pet Nutrition and the Unmeasured Owner Outcome: A Bidirectional Framework for Relational Value in Human-Animal Relationships.. The emotional benefits of pet ownership depend critically on the pet's physical, behavioural, and cognitive health-all of which can be improved by targeted nutritional interventions that may reduce pain, anxiety, problem behaviours, and cognitive decline. However, almost no studies have tested whether nutrition-induced behavioural improvements translate into measurable gains in owner emotional well-being or relationship satisfaction. It is important to note that the evidence base for cats remains considerably more limited than that for dogs, and many conclusions dra…

Evidence: — • authority: 88

Top 100 Most Cited Studies in Obesity Research: A Bibliometric Analysis. Obesity represents a major global public health problem. In the past few decades the prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide. In 2016, an estimated 1.9 billion adults were overweight; of these more than 650 million were obese. There is an urgent need for potential solutions and deeper understanding of the risk factors responsible for obesity. A bibliometric analysis study was designed to provide a comprehensive overview of top 100 most cited studies on obesity indexed in Web of Science database. The online search was conducted on June 6, 2021 using the keywords “Obesity” OR “Obese” OR “Overweight” in title filed…

Evidence: — • authority: 80

Is obesity a problem among school children?

Evidence: — • authority: 80

State Health Officials Join Health Care Experts to Fight Obesity: Governor Makes Obesity His Top Prevention Priority in Reforming Health Care

Evidence: — • authority: 72

mutation in the ADAMTS10 gene. As field dogs they are prone to minor injuries such as cuts and sprains, and, if inactive, obesity is a common problem as they

Evidence: — • authority: 88

Obesity is Global Health Problem. Overweight and obesity are the result of excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in the body, and due to the spread they represent a global public health problem. Obesity is characterized by the size and number of fat cells. Excess, unnecessary energy is stored by the body in the form of fat stores, in which the human body is much more efficient than in the consumption of fat stores. In highly civilized societies, food is readily available and eating outside the home is common, and the need for physical labor is greatly reduced. The lifestyle has changed significantly in the last century. A sedentary lifestyle dominates our daily lives and most scientists…

Evidence: — • authority: 38