energia: Demand response

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Evidence: 60 • authority: 72

Cogeneration or combined heat and power (CHP) is the use of a heat engine or power station to generate electricity and useful heat at the same time. Cogeneration is a more efficient use of fuel or heat, because otherwise-wasted heat from electricity generation is put to some productive use. Combined heat and power (CHP) plants recover otherwise wasted thermal energy for heating. This is also called combined heat and power district heating. Small CHP plants are an example of decentralized energy. By-product heat at moderate temperatures (100–180 °C (212–356 °F) can also be used in absorption refrigerators for cooling. The supply of high-temperature heat first drives a gas or steam turbine-po…

Evidence: 55 • authority: 72

Evidence: 51 • authority: 72

A switched-mode power supply (SMPS), also called switching-mode power supply, switch-mode power supply, switched power supply, or simply switcher, is an electronic power supply that incorporates a switching regulator to convert electrical power efficiently. Like other power supplies, a SMPS transfers power from a DC or AC source (often mains power, see AC adapter) to DC loads, such as a personal computer, while converting voltage and current characteristics. Unlike a linear power supply, the pass transistor of a switching-mode supply continually switches between low-dissipation, full-on and full-off states, and spends very little time in the high-dissipation transitions, minimizing wasted e…

Evidence: 51 • authority: 92

Evidence: 46 • authority: 72

Evidence: 41 • authority: 72

Evidence: 41 • authority: 92

Evidence: 37 • authority: 72

Capability curve of an electrical generator describes the limits of the active (MW) and reactive power (MVAr) that the generator can provide. The curve represents a boundary of all operating points in the MW/MVAr plane; it is typically drawn with the real power on the horizontal axis, and, for the synchronous generator, resembles a letter D in shape, thus another name for the same curve, D-curve. In some sources the axes are switched, and the curve gets a dome-shaped appearance.

Evidence: 37 • authority: 92

Challenges and opportunities of the full phase-out of fossil fuels under the 1.5 °C goal.. The COP28 decision called for transitioning away from fossil fuels, sparking a growing interest in their full phase-out. However, energy system transformation pathways towards a phase-out of fossil fuels, which may reduce the reliance on carbon dioxide removal to meet the 1.5 °C goal, remain unclear. Here, we employ two global energy system models to explore energy system transformations and the challenges and opportunities associated with attaining a full phase-out of fossil fuels. We found that phasing out fossil fuels by 2050 would require accelerating direct and indirect electrification, involving…

Evidence: 37 • authority: 92

Optimal sizing of renewable generation and storage for grid-connected CO<sub>2</sub> electrolysis: a Dutch case study on syngas production for e-SAF.. Co-electrolysis of CO 2 (CO 2 E) and water enables the production of syngas for sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) that are compliant with European RFNBO (renewable fuels of non-biological origin) regulations. However, a mismatch exists between the intermittent renewable electricity supply and the continuous operation of the downstream Fischer-Tropsch plants. To address this, we developed a two-stage linear optimization model to optimize the operation of a 540 MW electrolysis plant, alongside the sizing and operation of the connecte…

Evidence: 37 • authority: 72