psy: Reindeer

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

The reindeer or caribou (Rangifer tarandus) is a species of deer with circumpolar distribution, native to the Arctic, subarctic, tundra, boreal, and mountainous regions of Northern Europe, Siberia, and North America. It is the only representative of the genus Rangifer. More recent studies suggest the splitting of reindeer and caribou (North American terminology). "All caribou and reindeer throughout the world are considered to be the same species, but there are 7 subspecies." Reindeer occur in both migratory and sedentary populations, and their herd sizes vary greatly in different regions. The tundra subspecies are adapted for extreme cold, and some are adapted for long-distance migration.…

Evidence: 59 • authority: 92

Seasonal Shift in Exposure and Accumulation of PFAS and Heavy Metals in High Arctic Reindeer.. Seasonal fluctuations in contaminant concentrations are an important, yet often overlooked, aspect of Arctic wildlife monitoring, particularly in species like the Svalbard reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus ), which exhibit annual fattening and fasting cycles. While seasonal variation in metal concentrations has been observed in this species, little is known about how other contaminant groups, such as per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), vary with season. In the present study, we report concentrations of total mercury (THg), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and 13 PFAS in the liver and mus…

Evidence: 53 • authority: 88

Influence of foraging ecology on alimentary tract size and function of Svalbard reindeer. Insular, high arctic Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer rarandus platyrhnchus) appear better adapted to digesting grasses, sedges, and mosses than mainland reindeer and caribou (R. t. tarandu, R. t. granti, R. t. groenlandicus). We investigated the extent to which dietary differences are related to alimentary tract morphology and function. Concentration gradients of nutrients in the alimentary tract of Svalbard reindeer follow a similar pattern to that found in Norwegian domestic reindeer. Alimentary pools sizes of total digesta, water, Na, K, and P increased with body weight, and the rumen–reticulum dominate…

Evidence: 53 • authority: 80

Reindeer population size and trend on Edge�ya Svalbard

Evidence: 53 • authority: 80

Svalbard reindeer population size and trends in four sub-areas of Edgeøya

Evidence: 53 • authority: 80

Reindeer population size and trend on Edgeøya Svalbard

Evidence: 53 • authority: 92

Evidence: 49 • authority: 72

The Finnish forest reindeer (Finnish: metsäpeura, Russian: лесной северный олень), also known as Wild Forest Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus) or European forest reindeer is a rare subspecies of the reindeer native to Finland and northwestern Russia. They are found primarily in Russian Karelia and the provinces of North Karelia, Savonia and Kainuu in Finland, though some range into central south Finland. They are distinct from the semi-domesticated mountain reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in their larger size, longer legs and preference for dense boreal forest habitat, where they are rarely seen by humans, over the open tundra. The Finnish herd migrates seasonally back and forth a…