woda: Norway

Evidence: 65 • authority: 88

Chapter 8 Regulating a Sovereign Wealth Fund Through an External Fund Manager. The book covers a wide range of topics of relevance to policymakers in countries that have sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) and those that receive SWF investments. Renowned experts in the field have contributed chapters. The book is organized around four themes: (1) the role and macrofinancial linkages of SWFs, (2) institutional factors, (3) investment approaches and financial markets, and (4) the postcrisis outlook. The book also discusses the challenges facing sovereign wealth funds in the coming years, from an inside perspective on countries, including Canada, Chile, China, Norway, Russia, and New Zealand. Econom…

Evidence: 59 • authority: 92

Sovereign wealth fund investments and financial performance of target firms: The disciplinary role of debt in political agenda theory.. Using a sample of Indian firms acquired by the Norwegian Sovereign Wealth Funds, we investigate whether Sovereign Wealth Fund investments affect the capital structure of firms. We also examine whether leverage serves as a disciplinary mechanism in attenuating the political agenda effects of Sovereign Wealth Fund investments. Our findings reveal that Sovereign Wealth Fund ownership and size reduce leverage. We also find that sovereign wealth fund ownership of 2% and below increases financial performance, supporting the monitoring hypothesis. At above 2% sove…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

Gross domestic product (GDP) is the market value of all final goods and services from a nation in a given year. Countries are sorted by nominal GDP estimates from financial and statistical institutions, which are calculated at market or government official exchange rates. Nominal GDP does not take into account differences in the cost of living in different countries, and the results can vary greatly from one year to another based on fluctuations in the exchange rates of the country's currency. Such fluctuations may change a country's ranking from one year to the next, even though they often make little or no difference in the standard of living of its population. Comparisons of national wea…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 80

‘Oil Money’ in Norway and Nigeria: the Law and the Reality on Sovereign Wealth Fund

Evidence: 45 • authority: 88

Sovereign Wealth Funds and Corporate Investments: Evidence from Norway Sovereign Wealth Fund target firms. Using a sample of 105 Indian firms acquired by the Norwegian Sovereign Wealth Funds, we investigate whether Sovereign Wealth Fund investments affect the corporate investments of firms., particularly, whether Norway sovereign wealth fund serves as a disciplinary mechanism in reducing the mangers opportunistic behavior. Our findings reveal that Norway Sovereign Wealth Fund ownership and size reduce corporate investments, supporting the political agenda hypothesis, suggesting that the firm must decide on taking large ownership stakes of Norway Sovereign wealth funds ownership to attenuate…

Evidence: 45 • authority: 80

The Norway Government Pension Fund Global: The World’s Largest Sovereign Wealth Fund

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

The Türkiye Wealth Fund (TWF; Turkish: Türkiye Varlık Fonu, TVF) is the sovereign wealth fund of Türkiye. It was established on 26 August 2016 under Law No. 6741, with the purpose of contributing to the development of strategic investments, supporting large-scale infrastructure, and strengthening capital markets As of 2025, its assets under management were estimated at more than US$443 billion, placing the fund among the 10 largest sovereign wealth funds in the world, according to the Sovereign Wealth Fund Institute. TWF's operations have been characterized as secretive and opaque.

Evidence: 45 • authority: 72

The Government Pension Fund of Norway (Norwegian: Statens pensjonsfond) is the sovereign wealth fund collectively owned by the Government of Norway. It consists of two entirely separate sovereign wealth funds: the Government Pension Fund Global (Norges Bank Investment Management) and the Government Pension Fund Norway. The Government Pension Fund Global (Statens pensjonsfond utland), also known as the Oil Fund (Oljefondet), was established in 1990 to invest the surplus revenues of the Norwegian petroleum sector. As of July 2026, it had over US$2.2 trillion in assets, equal to 1.5% of the value of the world's listed companies, making it the world's largest sovereign wealth fund in terms of t…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 72

The New Zealand Superannuation Fund (Māori: Te Kaitiaki Tahua Penihana Kaumātua o Aotearoa) is a sovereign wealth fund of New Zealand. The country provides universal superannuation to people over 65 years of age and the purpose of the fund is to partially pre-fund the future cost of the New Zealand Superannuation pension, which is expected to increase as a result of New Zealand's ageing population. The Government is expected to begin withdrawing money from the fund in around 2035/36. The fund is a member of the International Forum of Sovereign Wealth Funds and is therefore signed up to the Santiago Principles on best practice in managing sovereign wealth funds. In 2019, the New Zealand Supe…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 72

The Sovereign Wealth Fund Institute (also SWF Institute, or simply SWFI) is an American corporation that analyzes public asset owners such as sovereign wealth funds and other long-term governmental investors. Initially focused solely on sovereign wealth funds, the Sovereign Wealth Fund Institute has branched out to cover all types of public institutional investors. The institute sells its subscription and API/datafeed services as a financial data vendor but provides information to the media as well. Incorporated in 2008, it was founded by Michael Maduell and shortly he brought in Carl Linaburg, who then left the organization in 2017. In late 2022, Lakshmi Narayanan of the Patel Family Offic…

Evidence: 41 • authority: 80

Figure 3.6. Sovereign wealth fund simulations ¹

Evidence: 35 • authority: 92

A landscape analysis of investors in the global breast milk substitute industry to target for advocacy.. The International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes and subsequent resolutions (the Code) was adopted to address increases in mortality and morbidity resulting from the practices of the breast-milk substitute (BMS) industry. The lack of success in ensuring company compliance with the Code has prompted advocates to consider engaging with investors to shape the governance of BMS companies. To support these efforts, this paper aimed to identify prominent investors in the global BMS industry and explore their Code-related policies and practices. Using multiple methods and data sou…