owoce-i-warzywa: Hallucinogenic bolete mushroom

Evidence: 100 • authority: 72

Hallucinogenic bolete mushrooms, often referred to in English as xiao ren ren mushrooms (derived from Chinese: 小人人; pinyin: Xiǎorénrén; lit. 'little people'), are bolete mushrooms that are otherwise considered delicacies but produce hallucinogenic effects and gastrointestinal upset if eaten raw or undercooked. They have been reported in China, the Philippines, and Papua New Guinea. The exact species of the mushrooms, their active constituents, and their mechanism of action have all yet to be fully clarified. However, among the most frequently implicated species is Lanmaoa asiatica, a species first described in 2015. Intoxication with these type of mushrooms is said to make people see the "x…

Evidence: 27 • authority: 80

Table S1: A list of the most prolific authors (who described each more than 100 isopod species –as first authors)

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Lilliputian hallucinations are hallucinations of small humans, animals, or fantasy entities. They are usually visual in nature, but are also often multimodal, and are almost always perceived as grounded in one's external environment. Lilliputian hallucinations can occur in conditions such as Alice in Wonderland syndrome, visual release hallucinations, peduncular hallucinosis, schizophrenia, and alcohol withdrawal, among others. They have also been reported to be induced rarely by drugs such as amantadine and trichloroethylene and are known to be induced by hallucinogenic bolete mushrooms ("xiao ren ren" mushrooms) such as Lanmaoa asiatica. They may also sometimes be induced by classical ser…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Lanmaoa pallidorosea, formerly known as Boletus pallidoroseus, is a fungus of the genus Lanmaoa native to North America. It was described scientifically by Ernst Both in 1998. The species was transferred from Boletus to Lanmaoa in 2019. Lanmaoa pallidorosea is the most closely related known species to Lanmaoa asiatica. Lanmaoa asiatica is found in East and Southeast Asia such as in China and the Philippines and is known to produce Lilliputian hallucinations when eaten raw or undercooked. According to mycologist Colin Domnauer, who is studying Lanmaoa asiatica, Lanmaoa pallidorosea is commonly consumed cooked without any negative effects.

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Boletus manicus is a species of fungus in the family Boletaceae of mushrooms. Found in the Wahgi valley region of Papua New Guinea, it was first described by French mycologist Roger Heim in 1963. Heim was interested in this mushroom largely because it resembles the Devil's Bolete (Rubroboletus satanas). In the Wahgi language it is called gegwantsyi ngimbl. The word ngimbl means pain, which metaphorically describes the intense bitter taste of this mushroom. It has been reported that B. manicus may be a hallucinogenic mushroom. However, this claim is rather controversial. B. manicus is known to contain trace amounts of three unidentified indole alkaloids. These were detected by famous medicin…

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Lanmaoa is a fungal genus in the family Boletaceae. It was circumscribed by Chinese mycologists Nian-Kai Zeng and Zhu L. Yang in 2015 to contain several species formerly classified in the genus Boletus (L. carminipes, L. flavorubra, L. pseudosensibilis), as well as the newly described L. angustispora and L. asiatica. The erection of this genus follows recent molecular studies that outlined a new phylogenetic framework for the family Boletaceae. Zeng and Yang named the genus after Chinese naturalist Lan Mao (1397-1476).

Evidence: — • authority: 72

Lanmaoa asiatica is a species of bolete mushroom of the family Boletaceae. It is reddish in color and an ectomycorrhizal symbiote of Pinus yunnanensis. It is a type of hallucinogenic bolete mushroom and is notable for causing lilliputian hallucinations when eaten raw or undercooked.

Evidence: — • authority: 88

Pulvinic Acid Derivative Pigments in <i>Lanmaoa asiatica</i> and <i>L. macrocarpa</i>. Abstract Lanmaoa asiatica G. Wu & Zhu L. Yang and L. macrocarpa N. K. Zeng, H. Chai & S. Jiang are two important gourmet bolete in China, and locally named “Jian Shou Qing” meaning their fruiting bodies turn blue after bruising. The genus represents a distinct lineage in Boletaceae. The pigment(s) associated with the discoloration in Lanmaoa has not been identified. The aim of this study was to determine the pigment(s) underpinning the bluing reaction of L. asiatica and L. macrocarpa when bruised. Potential compounds were isolated by HPLC and identified by LC‐HRMS and NMR. In total five to six pigments of…